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(1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8925815/ DOI: 10.1007/bf00242274","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Immune system","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"0589bae5-5612-51ad-8fde-728d81fe0390","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 715-726","start_line":715,"end_line":726,"excerpt":"### cold-repeated-immersion-immune\nWith immersions continued three times a week for six weeks, a small but significant increase appeared in the proportions of monocytes and of lymphocytes expressing the IL-2 receptor CD25, and in plasma tumour necrosis factor alpha, with increases in haptoglobin and haemopexin, while interleukin-1 beta, C-reactive protein, immunoglobulins, complement and total leucocyte counts showed no significant change.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake.\nplain_language: Six weeks of repetition nudges a few immune markers, and leaves most untouched.\norganism: Human\ntissue_or_cell_type: Immune system\nexperimental_model: Athletic young men given a single immersion and then repeated immersions over six weeks\nlimitations: The authors themselves state the biological significance of the changes remains to be elucidated. Most immune measures did not change.\nexposure: 14 degrees C for 1 hour, three times a week for six weeks\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/cold-research/8925815.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"ca491f2f549a1e245e952978c0df82c4075622affdf114a70315c0cce8583ff4\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1732, \"text_sha256\": \"ca491f2f549a1e245e952978c0df82c4075622affdf114a70315c0cce8583ff4\"}\n[cold-p8925815] Immune system of cold-exposed and cold-adapted humans. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8925815/ DOI: 10.1007/bf00242274","model_system":"Athletic young men given a single immersion and then repeated immersions over six weeks","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [cold-p8925815] Immune system of cold-exposed and cold-adapted humans. 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