Component
Guinea-pig urinary carnitine excretion
Measured free and total carnitine output in urine.
1 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
Without carnitine-precursor supplements, vitamin-C-deficient guinea pigs excreted approximately three times as much free and total carnitine as replete animals on days 19–28; pair feeding alone did not produce that pattern.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
- cross_nutrient
- Vitamin C chemistry in collagen, modified-lysine/carnitine metabolism or copper-dependent peptide/catecholamine processing.
- experimental_model
- Guinea-pig dietary deficiency with pair feeding and precursor loading
- exposure
- Vitamin C deficient diet for 28 days; oral trimethyllysine or gamma-butyrobetaine 0.5 mmol/kg/day on days 19–28, with replete and pair-fed controls.
- limitations
- Authors favored excessive excretion as an explanation for depletion; this does not isolate a renal transporter or quantify its contribution in human deficiency.
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin C research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin C
- organism
- Cavia porcellus
- plain_language
- Greater loss in urine can contribute to low carnitine during vitamin C deficiency.
- primary_references
- [carnitine1995] The ability of guinea pigs to synthesize carnitine at a normal rate from epsilon-N-trimethyllysine or gamma-butyrobetaine in vivo is not compromised by experimental vitamin C deficiency. (1995). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7752911/ DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(95)90120-5
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Whole animal; urine-based synthesis estimate
- trigger_kind
- nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
Vitamin C: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 780–791
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Guinea-pig dietary deficiency with pair feeding and precursor loading · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### vc-enzyme-deficient-carnitine-excretion Without carnitine-precursor supplements, vitamin-C-deficient guinea pigs excreted approximately three times as much free and total carnitine as replete animals on days 19–28; pair feeding alone did not produce that pattern. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Vitamin C research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Greater loss in urine can contribute to low carnitine during vitamin C deficiency. organism: Cavia porcellus tissue_or_cell_type: Whole animal; urine-based synthesis estimate experimental_model: Guinea-pig dietary deficiency with pair feeding and precursor loading limitations: Authors favored excessive excretion as an explanation for depletion; this does not isolate a renal transporter or quantify its contribution in human deficiency. cross_nutrient: Vitamin C chemistry in collagen, modified-lysine/carnitine metabolism or copper-dependent peptide/catecholamine processing. exposure: Vitamin C deficient diet for 28 days; oral trimethyllysine or gamma-butyrobetaine 0.5 mmol/kg/day on days 19–28, with replete and pair-fed controls. [carnitine1995] The ability of guinea pigs to synthesize carnitine at a normal rate from epsilon-N-trimethyllysine or gamma-butyrobetaine in vivo is not compromised by experimental vitamin C deficiency. (1995). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7752911/ DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(95)90120-5
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.