Component
Gamma-carboxyethyl hydroxychromanol
Gamma-CEHC, the short-chain 3′-carboxychromanol product of multistep gamma-tocopherol catabolism.
2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What it acts on
Gamma-CEHC suppressed cytokine-stimulated PGE2 in A549 cells, with an apparent IC50 near 30 µM. It also inhibited PGE2 after only 1 h exposure of COX-2-preinduced cells before arachidonic acid addition.
Experimental context and source evidence
- cross_nutrient
- false
- experimental_model
- A549 culture and preinduced cellular COX assay
- exposure
- IL-1β 10 ng/mL for 24 h; postinduction gamma-CEHC 1 h, then 5 or 15 µM arachidonic acid for 10 min at 37°C.
- limitations
- Cancer-derived culture, not treatment evidence. Intact-cell IC50 and purified COX inhibition are distinct measurements; increasing substrate weakened inhibition.
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin E
- organism
- Homo sapiens
- plain_language
- A breakdown product of gamma-tocopherol reduced prostaglandin production in a human lung cell model, including after brief exposure.
- primary_references
- [jiang2000] gamma-tocopherol and its major metabolite, in contrast to alpha-tocopherol, inhibit cyclooxygenase activity in macrophages and epithelial cells. (2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11005841/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.200357097
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Lung epithelial carcinoma cell line
Vitamin E: transport, membrane protection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 842–853
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · A549 culture and preinduced cellular COX assay · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### e-sig-cehc-a549-pge2 Gamma-CEHC suppressed cytokine-stimulated PGE2 in A549 cells, with an apparent IC50 near 30 µM. It also inhibited PGE2 after only 1 h exposure of COX-2-preinduced cells before arachidonic acid addition. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A breakdown product of gamma-tocopherol reduced prostaglandin production in a human lung cell model, including after brief exposure. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Lung epithelial carcinoma cell line experimental_model: A549 culture and preinduced cellular COX assay limitations: Cancer-derived culture, not treatment evidence. Intact-cell IC50 and purified COX inhibition are distinct measurements; increasing substrate weakened inhibition. exposure: IL-1β 10 ng/mL for 24 h; postinduction gamma-CEHC 1 h, then 5 or 15 µM arachidonic acid for 10 min at 37°C. cross_nutrient: false [jiang2000] gamma-tocopherol and its major metabolite, in contrast to alpha-tocopherol, inhibit cyclooxygenase activity in macrophages and epithelial cells. (2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11005841/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.200357097
Complete structured claim and evidence
What acts on it
HepG2 cultures exposed to gamma-tocopherol produced side-chain oxidation/shortening intermediates culminating in gamma-CEHC, identified by GC-MS.
Experimental context and source evidence
- cross_nutrient
- false
- experimental_model
- HepG2 metabolite profiling
- exposure
- 50 µM gamma-tocopherol; primary Figure 1.
- limitations
- Pathway-level conversion; not a one-step CYP4F2 reaction or a human excretion-rate estimate.
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin E
- organism
- Homo sapiens
- plain_language
- Several metabolic steps convert gamma-tocopherol into a shorter-chain product.
- primary_references
- [sontag2002] Cytochrome P450 omega-hydroxylase pathway of tocopherol catabolism. Novel mechanism of regulation of vitamin E status. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11997390/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m201466200
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Hepatoma cells
Vitamin E: transport, membrane protection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 428–439
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · HepG2 metabolite profiling · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### ve-transport-gamma-multistep-cehc HepG2 cultures exposed to gamma-tocopherol produced side-chain oxidation/shortening intermediates culminating in gamma-CEHC, identified by GC-MS. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Several metabolic steps convert gamma-tocopherol into a shorter-chain product. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Hepatoma cells experimental_model: HepG2 metabolite profiling limitations: Pathway-level conversion; not a one-step CYP4F2 reaction or a human excretion-rate estimate. exposure: 50 µM gamma-tocopherol; primary Figure 1. cross_nutrient: false [sontag2002] Cytochrome P450 omega-hydroxylase pathway of tocopherol catabolism. Novel mechanism of regulation of vitamin E status. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11997390/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m201466200
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.