Component

Human dual oxidase 2

Human dual oxidase 2

4 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. Human DUOXA2 coexpression permitted DUOX2 ER-to-Golgi maturation and plasma-membrane delivery in a heterologous system.

    Human dual oxidase maturation factor 2 → Human dual oxidase 2 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/iodine-synthesis-sources/16651268.json", "json_field": "abstractText", "text_sha256": "9fa3bbca756141f9c8e8c334e58db29c97d930b117e5697ac91f28a0f41c92a0", "text_characters": 1357, "note": "Exact publisher passage retained in the cited local source cache; locator and digest supplied here."}
    experimental_model
    Human DUOX2/DUOXA2 heterologous coexpression
    exposure
    DUOXA2 coexpression with DUOX2; doses not reported in abstract.
    limitations
    A reconstitution study; not a test of iodine intake.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Homo sapiens proteins; heterologous cells
    plain_language
    DUOXA2 helps the peroxide generator reach the cell surface.
    primary_references
    [iodine-syn-duoxa2006] Identification of the maturation factor for dual oxidase. Evolution of an eukaryotic operon equivalent. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16651268/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c600095200
    tissue_or_cell_type
    ER, Golgi and plasma membrane

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 492–504

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human DUOX2/DUOXA2 heterologous coexpression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iodine-syn-duoxa-trafficking Human DUOXA2 coexpression permitted DUOX2 ER-to-Golgi maturation and plasma-membrane delivery in a heterologous system. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: DUOXA2 helps the peroxide generator reach the cell surface. organism: Homo sapiens proteins; heterologous cells tissue_or_cell_type: ER, Golgi and plasma membrane experimental_model: Human DUOX2/DUOXA2 heterologous coexpression limitations: A reconstitution study; not a test of iodine intake. exposure: DUOXA2 coexpression with DUOX2; doses not reported in abstract. cross_nutrient: false evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/iodine-synthesis-sources/16651268.json", "json_field": "abstractText", "text_sha256": "9fa3bbca756141f9c8e8c334e58db29c97d930b117e5697ac91f28a0f41c92a0", "text_characters": 1357, "note": "Exact publisher passage retained in the cited local source cache; locator and digest supplied here."} [iodine-syn-duoxa2006] Identification of the maturation factor for dual oxidase. Evolution of an eukaryotic operon equivalent. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16651268/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c600095200
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. A homozygous truncating DUOX2 mutation accompanied a complete iodide-organification defect in the severe permanent case in the 2002 series.

    Human DUOX2 truncating variant proteins studied in 2002 → Thyroid iodide organification source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    false
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/iodine-synthesis-sources/12110737.json", "json_field": "abstractText", "text_sha256": "a0fa87eb7c584eb2b54cdc1de43ef65dd31bb4b7300f06c5b9ff4a8f703a151e", "text_characters": 1953, "note": "Exact publisher passage retained in the cited local source cache; locator and digest supplied here."}
    experimental_model
    Sequencing of nine newborn-screened patients with iodide-organification defects and their relatives
    exposure
    Inherited DUOX2 truncation; no imposed dietary iodine restriction.
    limitations
    Small selected genetic series; no universal genotype-to-prognosis rule.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    A broken peroxide generator can prevent iodine from being incorporated into thyroid proteins.
    primary_references
    [iodine-syn-duox2002] Inactivating mutations in the gene for thyroid oxidase 2 (THOX2) and congenital hypothyroidism. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12110737/ DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa012752
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Thyroid
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 520–532

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sequencing of nine newborn-screened patients with iodide-organification defects and their relatives · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iodine-syn-duox2-organification A homozygous truncating DUOX2 mutation accompanied a complete iodide-organification defect in the severe permanent case in the 2002 series. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A broken peroxide generator can prevent iodine from being incorporated into thyroid proteins. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Thyroid experimental_model: Sequencing of nine newborn-screened patients with iodide-organification defects and their relatives limitations: Small selected genetic series; no universal genotype-to-prognosis rule. exposure: Inherited DUOX2 truncation; no imposed dietary iodine restriction. cross_nutrient: false evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/iodine-synthesis-sources/12110737.json", "json_field": "abstractText", "text_sha256": "a0fa87eb7c584eb2b54cdc1de43ef65dd31bb4b7300f06c5b9ff4a8f703a151e", "text_characters": 1953, "note": "Exact publisher passage retained in the cited local source cache; locator and digest supplied here."} [iodine-syn-duox2002] Inactivating mutations in the gene for thyroid oxidase 2 (THOX2) and congenital hypothyroidism. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12110737/ DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa012752
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Coexpressing DUOXA2 reconstituted functional human DUOX2-dependent hydrogen-peroxide generation.

    Human dual oxidase maturation factor 2 → Hydrogen peroxide source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/iodine-synthesis-sources/16651268.json", "json_field": "abstractText", "text_sha256": "9fa3bbca756141f9c8e8c334e58db29c97d930b117e5697ac91f28a0f41c92a0", "text_characters": 1357, "note": "Exact publisher passage retained in the cited local source cache; locator and digest supplied here."}
    experimental_model
    Human DUOX2/DUOXA2 heterologous coexpression
    exposure
    Human DUOX2 with versus without DUOXA2.
    limitations
    Does not establish a dietary vitamin threshold.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Homo sapiens proteins; heterologous cells
    plain_language
    The maturation factor makes the peroxide-producing enzyme functional.
    primary_references
    [iodine-syn-duoxa2006] Identification of the maturation factor for dual oxidase. Evolution of an eukaryotic operon equivalent. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16651268/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c600095200
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Cell surface

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 506–518

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human DUOX2/DUOXA2 heterologous coexpression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iodine-syn-duoxa-functional Coexpressing DUOXA2 reconstituted functional human DUOX2-dependent hydrogen-peroxide generation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The maturation factor makes the peroxide-producing enzyme functional. organism: Homo sapiens proteins; heterologous cells tissue_or_cell_type: Cell surface experimental_model: Human DUOX2/DUOXA2 heterologous coexpression limitations: Does not establish a dietary vitamin threshold. exposure: Human DUOX2 with versus without DUOXA2. cross_nutrient: false evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/iodine-synthesis-sources/16651268.json", "json_field": "abstractText", "text_sha256": "9fa3bbca756141f9c8e8c334e58db29c97d930b117e5697ac91f28a0f41c92a0", "text_characters": 1357, "note": "Exact publisher passage retained in the cited local source cache; locator and digest supplied here."} [iodine-syn-duoxa2006] Identification of the maturation factor for dual oxidase. Evolution of an eukaryotic operon equivalent. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16651268/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c600095200
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Human DUOXA2 p.Y246X failed to reconstitute DUOX2 activity in vitro.

    Human DUOXA2 p.Y246X truncation → Hydrogen peroxide source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    false
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/iodine-synthesis-sources/18042646.json", "json_field": "abstractText", "text_sha256": "99a0667a0a4036b9ad94f59e6ba82a4c80c7f4b4228f11029f63db5c5b811da7", "text_characters": 1847, "note": "Exact publisher passage retained in the cited local source cache; locator and digest supplied here."}
    experimental_model
    Human genetic case finding and heterologous DUOX2 reconstitution
    exposure
    Y246X mutant versus wild-type DUOXA2 in reconstitution.
    limitations
    Loss of enzyme machinery, not iodine or riboflavin shortage.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Homo sapiens proteins
    plain_language
    This truncated helper protein could not support peroxide production.
    primary_references
    [iodine-syn-duoxa2008] Biallelic inactivation of the dual oxidase maturation factor 2 (DUOXA2) gene as a novel cause of congenital hypothyroidism. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18042646/ DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-2020
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Heterologous cells
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 534–546

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human genetic case finding and heterologous DUOX2 reconstitution · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iodine-syn-duoxa-mutant-function Human DUOXA2 p.Y246X failed to reconstitute DUOX2 activity in vitro. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This truncated helper protein could not support peroxide production. organism: Homo sapiens proteins tissue_or_cell_type: Heterologous cells experimental_model: Human genetic case finding and heterologous DUOX2 reconstitution limitations: Loss of enzyme machinery, not iodine or riboflavin shortage. exposure: Y246X mutant versus wild-type DUOXA2 in reconstitution. cross_nutrient: false evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/iodine-synthesis-sources/18042646.json", "json_field": "abstractText", "text_sha256": "99a0667a0a4036b9ad94f59e6ba82a4c80c7f4b4228f11029f63db5c5b811da7", "text_characters": 1847, "note": "Exact publisher passage retained in the cited local source cache; locator and digest supplied here."} [iodine-syn-duoxa2008] Biallelic inactivation of the dual oxidase maturation factor 2 (DUOXA2) gene as a novel cause of congenital hypothyroidism. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18042646/ DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-2020
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards