Component
The eight copper atoms bound per dopamine beta-hydroxylase tetramer
The eight copper atoms bound per dopamine beta-hydroxylase tetramer. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.
1 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
Where it participates (unsigned role)
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase specifically binds 8 moles of copper per mole of tetramer, confirmed by radiolabel, atomic absorption, NMR and EPR titration, and catalytic rate increased with copper up to that ratio and was constant thereafter, so this stoichiometry is required for maximal activity.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/cold-research/6323422.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "dac85ce0ad7c7d5994b97d55b129050a0e7ca8bf96943578d272054db6a07a62", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1346, "text_sha256": "dac85ce0ad7c7d5994b97d55b129050a0e7ca8bf96943578d272054db6a07a62"}
- experimental_model
- Copper titration of bovine adrenal dopamine beta-hydroxylase followed by NMR, EPR and inhibitor kinetics
- exposure
- Titration with copper and measurement of catalytic rate
- limitations
- Stoichiometry measured three independent ways. It establishes how much copper the enzyme needs, not how much copper a person needs.
- nutrient_topic
- Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. · Cold water immersion
- organism
- Bovine enzyme
- plain_language
- The enzyme that turns dopamine into noradrenaline needs exactly eight copper atoms to work fully.
- primary_references
- [cold-p6323422] Kinetic and spectroscopic studies of the interaction of copper with dopamine beta-hydroxylase. (1984). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6323422/ DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43105-x
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Adrenal medulla enzyme
Cold water immersion: cold sensing, heat production, the catecholamine axis and what repeated exposure changes (2026-09-19) · lines 559–570
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Copper titration of bovine adrenal dopamine beta-hydroxylase followed by NMR, EPR and inhibitor kinetics · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### cold-dbh-copper-stoichiometry Dopamine beta-hydroxylase specifically binds 8 moles of copper per mole of tetramer, confirmed by radiolabel, atomic absorption, NMR and EPR titration, and catalytic rate increased with copper up to that ratio and was constant thereafter, so this stoichiometry is required for maximal activity. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. plain_language: The enzyme that turns dopamine into noradrenaline needs exactly eight copper atoms to work fully. organism: Bovine enzyme tissue_or_cell_type: Adrenal medulla enzyme experimental_model: Copper titration of bovine adrenal dopamine beta-hydroxylase followed by NMR, EPR and inhibitor kinetics limitations: Stoichiometry measured three independent ways. It establishes how much copper the enzyme needs, not how much copper a person needs. exposure: Titration with copper and measurement of catalytic rate evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/cold-research/6323422.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "dac85ce0ad7c7d5994b97d55b129050a0e7ca8bf96943578d272054db6a07a62", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1346, "text_sha256": "dac85ce0ad7c7d5994b97d55b129050a0e7ca8bf96943578d272054db6a07a62"} [cold-p6323422] Kinetic and spectroscopic studies of the interaction of copper with dopamine beta-hydroxylase. (1984). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6323422/ DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43105-x
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.