Component
Blood cyclosporine exposure
Blood cyclosporine exposure. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.
3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
Final cyclosporine concentrations were 29.3% higher in the berberine-treated group than in the group without berberine.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/berberine-research/16133554.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a86b1b0f9ad77889da596b013f9f229556d53d825dac1b8bb2ba6ed094a68ad", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2232, "text_sha256": "7a86b1b0f9ad77889da596b013f9f229556d53d825dac1b8bb2ba6ed094a68ad"}
- experimental_model
- Randomized controlled transplant study with separate six-person pharmacokinetic arm
- exposure
- 52 recipients per clinical arm; berberine 0.2 g three times daily for three months; six-person 12-day PK comparison
- limitations
- Observed interaction is clinically relevant, but the proposed CYP3A4 explanation was not uniquely established. Baseline change and between-group difference must not be confused.
- nutrient_topic
- Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Berberine
- organism
- Renal-transplant recipients
- plain_language
- A transplant medicine had higher blood concentrations with berberine.
- primary_references
- [berberine-p16133554] Effects of berberine on the blood concentration of cyclosporin A in renal transplanted recipients: clinical and pharmacokinetic study. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16133554/ DOI: 10.1007/s00228-005-0952-3
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Cyclosporine blood concentrations
Berberine: metabolism, nutrient connections and drug interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 714–725
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized controlled transplant study with separate six-person pharmacokinetic arm · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### berberine-cyclosporine-clinical Final cyclosporine concentrations were 29.3% higher in the berberine-treated group than in the group without berberine. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A transplant medicine had higher blood concentrations with berberine. organism: Renal-transplant recipients tissue_or_cell_type: Cyclosporine blood concentrations experimental_model: Randomized controlled transplant study with separate six-person pharmacokinetic arm limitations: Observed interaction is clinically relevant, but the proposed CYP3A4 explanation was not uniquely established. Baseline change and between-group difference must not be confused. exposure: 52 recipients per clinical arm; berberine 0.2 g three times daily for three months; six-person 12-day PK comparison evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/berberine-research/16133554.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a86b1b0f9ad77889da596b013f9f229556d53d825dac1b8bb2ba6ed094a68ad", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2232, "text_sha256": "7a86b1b0f9ad77889da596b013f9f229556d53d825dac1b8bb2ba6ed094a68ad"} [berberine-p16133554] Effects of berberine on the blood concentration of cyclosporin A in renal transplanted recipients: clinical and pharmacokinetic study. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16133554/ DOI: 10.1007/s00228-005-0952-3
Complete structured claim and evidenceThe 3 mg/kg cyclosporine arm showed a 19.2% AUC increase with berberine.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/berberine-research/16541194.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1e1c8258a18a8214a1124f3624eff9cb67151c5f54393ff2e3e7322b3bdf53b5", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1615, "text_sha256": "1e1c8258a18a8214a1124f3624eff9cb67151c5f54393ff2e3e7322b3bdf53b5"}
- experimental_model
- Two small healthy-volunteer pharmacokinetic experiments
- exposure
- 3 mg/kg cyclosporine with a single 0.3 g berberine dose; separate 6 mg/kg cyclosporine after 10 days of berberine
- limitations
- Different cyclosporine doses and berberine schedules limit direct comparison. A null arm does not negate the positive arm or transplant finding.
- nutrient_topic
- Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Berberine
- organism
- Two groups of six healthy male volunteers
- plain_language
- Interaction size depended on the tested regimen.
- primary_references
- [berberine-p16541194] The effects of berberine on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A in healthy volunteers. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16541194/ DOI: 10.1358/mf.2006.28.1.962774
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Cyclosporine pharmacokinetics
Berberine: metabolism, nutrient connections and drug interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 740–751
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Two small healthy-volunteer pharmacokinetic experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### berberine-cyclosporine-low-dose The 3 mg/kg cyclosporine arm showed a 19.2% AUC increase with berberine. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Interaction size depended on the tested regimen. organism: Two groups of six healthy male volunteers tissue_or_cell_type: Cyclosporine pharmacokinetics experimental_model: Two small healthy-volunteer pharmacokinetic experiments limitations: Different cyclosporine doses and berberine schedules limit direct comparison. A null arm does not negate the positive arm or transplant finding. exposure: 3 mg/kg cyclosporine with a single 0.3 g berberine dose; separate 6 mg/kg cyclosporine after 10 days of berberine evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/berberine-research/16541194.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1e1c8258a18a8214a1124f3624eff9cb67151c5f54393ff2e3e7322b3bdf53b5", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1615, "text_sha256": "1e1c8258a18a8214a1124f3624eff9cb67151c5f54393ff2e3e7322b3bdf53b5"} [berberine-p16541194] The effects of berberine on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A in healthy volunteers. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16541194/ DOI: 10.1358/mf.2006.28.1.962774
Complete structured claim and evidenceThe separate 6 mg/kg cyclosporine arm found no significant pharmacokinetic change after repeated berberine.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/berberine-research/16541194.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1e1c8258a18a8214a1124f3624eff9cb67151c5f54393ff2e3e7322b3bdf53b5", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1615, "text_sha256": "1e1c8258a18a8214a1124f3624eff9cb67151c5f54393ff2e3e7322b3bdf53b5"}
- experimental_model
- Two small healthy-volunteer pharmacokinetic experiments
- exposure
- 3 mg/kg cyclosporine with a single 0.3 g berberine dose; separate 6 mg/kg cyclosporine after 10 days of berberine
- limitations
- Different cyclosporine doses and berberine schedules limit direct comparison. A null arm does not negate the positive arm or transplant finding.
- nutrient_topic
- Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Berberine
- organism
- Two groups of six healthy male volunteers
- plain_language
- Both outcomes remain visible with their distinct dosing conditions.
- primary_references
- [berberine-p16541194] The effects of berberine on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A in healthy volunteers. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16541194/ DOI: 10.1358/mf.2006.28.1.962774
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Cyclosporine pharmacokinetics
Berberine: metabolism, nutrient connections and drug interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 753–764
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Two small healthy-volunteer pharmacokinetic experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### berberine-cyclosporine-null-arm The separate 6 mg/kg cyclosporine arm found no significant pharmacokinetic change after repeated berberine. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Both outcomes remain visible with their distinct dosing conditions. organism: Two groups of six healthy male volunteers tissue_or_cell_type: Cyclosporine pharmacokinetics experimental_model: Two small healthy-volunteer pharmacokinetic experiments limitations: Different cyclosporine doses and berberine schedules limit direct comparison. A null arm does not negate the positive arm or transplant finding. exposure: 3 mg/kg cyclosporine with a single 0.3 g berberine dose; separate 6 mg/kg cyclosporine after 10 days of berberine evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/berberine-research/16541194.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1e1c8258a18a8214a1124f3624eff9cb67151c5f54393ff2e3e7322b3bdf53b5", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1615, "text_sha256": "1e1c8258a18a8214a1124f3624eff9cb67151c5f54393ff2e3e7322b3bdf53b5"} [berberine-p16541194] The effects of berberine on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A in healthy volunteers. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16541194/ DOI: 10.1358/mf.2006.28.1.962774
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.