Coumarin 3,4-epoxide glutathione conjugate: molecular mechanisms & dependencies

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

Human evidence only

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

The coumarin epoxide glutathione conjugate was isolated and structurally characterized, with glutathione attached at position 3.
Coumarin 3,4-epoxide → Coumarin 3,4-epoxide glutathione conjugate source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/coumarin-research/12954377.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3cfcf94368e2f91bed45cd7901678e6db02567ac1c8e7d8b8c78bae52932d76f", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1196, "text_sha256": "3cfcf94368e2f91bed45cd7901678e6db02567ac1c8e7d8b8c78bae52932d76f"}
experimental_model
HPLC isolation with mass spectrometry and NMR characterization
exposure
Purification of coumarin epoxide glutathione conjugate
limitations
Analytical identification does not establish protection by oral glutathione.
nutrient_topic
Coumarin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coumarin
organism
Hepatic microsomal preparations; species detailed in original paper
plain_language
Glutathione can become chemically attached to this reactive metabolite.
primary_references
[coumarin-p12954377] Liquid chromatographic determination of the glutathione conjugate and ring-opened metabolites formed from coumarin epoxidation. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12954377/ DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00473-2
tissue_or_cell_type
In vitro metabolism mixtures
Coumarin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 280–291
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · HPLC isolation with mass spectrometry and NMR characterization · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### coumarin-conjugate-identity The coumarin epoxide glutathione conjugate was isolated and structurally characterized, with glutathione attached at position 3. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coumarin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Glutathione can become chemically attached to this reactive metabolite. organism: Hepatic microsomal preparations; species detailed in original paper tissue_or_cell_type: In vitro metabolism mixtures experimental_model: HPLC isolation with mass spectrometry and NMR characterization limitations: Analytical identification does not establish protection by oral glutathione. exposure: Purification of coumarin epoxide glutathione conjugate evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coumarin-research/12954377.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3cfcf94368e2f91bed45cd7901678e6db02567ac1c8e7d8b8c78bae52932d76f", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1196, "text_sha256": "3cfcf94368e2f91bed45cd7901678e6db02567ac1c8e7d8b8c78bae52932d76f"} [coumarin-p12954377] Liquid chromatographic determination of the glutathione conjugate and ring-opened metabolites formed from coumarin epoxidation. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12954377/ DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00473-2
Complete structured claim and evidence
Rat and mouse cytosols conjugated the epoxide with glutathione through enzymatic and nonenzymatic routes.
Rat and mouse hepatic glutathione S-transferase preparations in the 2004 coumarin study → Coumarin 3,4-epoxide glutathione conjugate source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/coumarin-research/15141102.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2ddbcb7b41520d3405b9abe3ed8b492c5a6063e88d52c549481d444dcd541dc5", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2618, "text_sha256": "2ddbcb7b41520d3405b9abe3ed8b492c5a6063e88d52c549481d444dcd541dc5"}
experimental_model
Coumarin epoxide generated with mouse microsomes plus species-specific liver cytosols
exposure
Controlled epoxide generation with cofactors supplied
limitations
Cell-free species comparison does not quantify human dietary injury risk or supplement benefit.
nutrient_topic
Coumarin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coumarin
organism
Human pooled cytosols, F344 rat and B6C3F1 mouse
plain_language
Glutathione captures the epoxide in the rodent preparations.
primary_references
[coumarin-p15141102] Metabolic detoxification determines species differences in coumarin-induced hepatotoxicity. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15141102/ DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfh162
tissue_or_cell_type
Liver cytosolic detoxification system
Coumarin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 488–499
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Coumarin epoxide generated with mouse microsomes plus species-specific liver cytosols · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### coumarin-gst-conjugation Rat and mouse cytosols conjugated the epoxide with glutathione through enzymatic and nonenzymatic routes. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coumarin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Glutathione captures the epoxide in the rodent preparations. organism: Human pooled cytosols, F344 rat and B6C3F1 mouse tissue_or_cell_type: Liver cytosolic detoxification system experimental_model: Coumarin epoxide generated with mouse microsomes plus species-specific liver cytosols limitations: Cell-free species comparison does not quantify human dietary injury risk or supplement benefit. exposure: Controlled epoxide generation with cofactors supplied evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coumarin-research/15141102.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2ddbcb7b41520d3405b9abe3ed8b492c5a6063e88d52c549481d444dcd541dc5", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2618, "text_sha256": "2ddbcb7b41520d3405b9abe3ed8b492c5a6063e88d52c549481d444dcd541dc5"} [coumarin-p15141102] Metabolic detoxification determines species differences in coumarin-induced hepatotoxicity. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15141102/ DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfh162
Complete structured claim and evidence

The events it takes part in

A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.

Situations it appears in

Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

Open hypotheses

Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.

This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

Coumarin 3,4-epoxide glutathione conjugate