Component
Cone flash sensitivity
Physiologic cone sensitivity endpoint; preparation, light regimen and measurement are claim-specific.
3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
Isolated Rgr-null/Gnat1-null mouse retinas lost cone flash sensitivity faster during continuous light exposure than Rgr-intact/Gnat1-null controls.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
- cross_nutrient
- false
- evidence_location
- Figures 4-5; Results: RGR opsin contributes to cone visual function
- experimental_model
- Ex vivo cone recordings without RPE; rod transduction disabled by Gnat1 deletion
- exposure
- 505-nm background for up to 60 minutes; 10 micromolar all-trans-retinol in perfusate; 565-nm test flashes.
- limitations
- Whole-retina Rgr deletion alone does not localize the responsible cells; isolated tissue and supplied substrate differ from intact vision.
- nutrient
- Vitamin A · Vitamin A
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
- organism
- Mus musculus
- plain_language
- Cones maintained sensitivity less well when the isolated retina lacked RGR.
- primary_references
- [vav-morshedian2019] Light-Driven Regeneration of Cone Visual Pigments through a Mechanism Involving RGR Opsin in Müller Glial Cells. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31056353/ DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.04.004
- tissue_or_cell_type
- isolated neural retina
- trigger_kind
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
Vitamin A expansion: reproduction, light-driven vision and shared mechanisms (2026-09-17) · lines 483–496
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Ex vivo cone recordings without RPE; rod transduction disabled by Gnat1 deletion · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### vae-rgr-isolated-cone-sensitivity Isolated Rgr-null/Gnat1-null mouse retinas lost cone flash sensitivity faster during continuous light exposure than Rgr-intact/Gnat1-null controls. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Cones maintained sensitivity less well when the isolated retina lacked RGR. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: isolated neural retina experimental_model: Ex vivo cone recordings without RPE; rod transduction disabled by Gnat1 deletion limitations: Whole-retina Rgr deletion alone does not localize the responsible cells; isolated tissue and supplied substrate differ from intact vision. exposure: 505-nm background for up to 60 minutes; 10 micromolar all-trans-retinol in perfusate; 565-nm test flashes. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Figures 4-5; Results: RGR opsin contributes to cone visual function nutrient: Vitamin A [vav-morshedian2019] Light-Driven Regeneration of Cone Visual Pigments through a Mechanism Involving RGR Opsin in Müller Glial Cells. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31056353/ DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.04.004
Complete structured claim and evidenceTamoxifen-induced Rgr reactivation through Glast-CreERT2 improved cone sensitivity during sustained light in RgrStop/Stop/Gnat1-null mice compared with untreated rescue-line controls.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
- cross_nutrient
- false
- evidence_location
- Figure 7B; Table S1
- experimental_model
- Cell-directed excision of a floxed transcriptional stop cassette
- exposure
- 530-nm background at 300 cd/m2 for 60 minutes; cone b-wave sensitivity.
- limitations
- Each cellular rescue was partial; native relative contributions need not match other species.
- nutrient
- Vitamin A · Vitamin A
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
- organism
- Mus musculus
- plain_language
- Restoring RGR in Müller glia helped cones respond during prolonged light.
- primary_references
- [vav-tworak2023] Rapid RGR-dependent visual pigment recycling is mediated by the RPE and specialized Müller glia. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37585292/ DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112982
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Müller glia; intact-eye ERG
- trigger_kind
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
Vitamin A expansion: reproduction, light-driven vision and shared mechanisms (2026-09-17) · lines 528–541
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell-directed excision of a floxed transcriptional stop cassette · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### vae-rgr-muller-rescue-cones Tamoxifen-induced Rgr reactivation through Glast-CreERT2 improved cone sensitivity during sustained light in RgrStop/Stop/Gnat1-null mice compared with untreated rescue-line controls. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Restoring RGR in Müller glia helped cones respond during prolonged light. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Müller glia; intact-eye ERG experimental_model: Cell-directed excision of a floxed transcriptional stop cassette limitations: Each cellular rescue was partial; native relative contributions need not match other species. exposure: 530-nm background at 300 cd/m2 for 60 minutes; cone b-wave sensitivity. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Figure 7B; Table S1 nutrient: Vitamin A [vav-tworak2023] Rapid RGR-dependent visual pigment recycling is mediated by the RPE and specialized Müller glia. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37585292/ DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112982
Complete structured claim and evidenceTamoxifen-induced Rgr reactivation through Rpe65-CreERT2 improved cone sensitivity during sustained light in RgrStop/Stop/Gnat1-null mice compared with untreated rescue-line controls.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
- cross_nutrient
- false
- evidence_location
- Figure 7A; Table S1
- experimental_model
- Cell-directed excision of a floxed transcriptional stop cassette
- exposure
- 530-nm background at 300 cd/m2 for 60 minutes; cone b-wave sensitivity.
- limitations
- Each cellular rescue was partial; native relative contributions need not match other species.
- nutrient
- Vitamin A · Vitamin A
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
- organism
- Mus musculus
- plain_language
- Restoring RGR in retinal pigment epithelium helped cones respond during prolonged light.
- primary_references
- [vav-tworak2023] Rapid RGR-dependent visual pigment recycling is mediated by the RPE and specialized Müller glia. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37585292/ DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112982
- tissue_or_cell_type
- retinal pigment epithelium; intact-eye ERG
- trigger_kind
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
Vitamin A expansion: reproduction, light-driven vision and shared mechanisms (2026-09-17) · lines 513–526
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell-directed excision of a floxed transcriptional stop cassette · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### vae-rgr-rpe-rescue-cones Tamoxifen-induced Rgr reactivation through Rpe65-CreERT2 improved cone sensitivity during sustained light in RgrStop/Stop/Gnat1-null mice compared with untreated rescue-line controls. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Restoring RGR in retinal pigment epithelium helped cones respond during prolonged light. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: retinal pigment epithelium; intact-eye ERG experimental_model: Cell-directed excision of a floxed transcriptional stop cassette limitations: Each cellular rescue was partial; native relative contributions need not match other species. exposure: 530-nm background at 300 cd/m2 for 60 minutes; cone b-wave sensitivity. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Figure 7A; Table S1 nutrient: Vitamin A [vav-tworak2023] Rapid RGR-dependent visual pigment recycling is mediated by the RPE and specialized Müller glia. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37585292/ DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112982
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.