Component
Berberine M1-to-parent metabolite ratio
Berberine M1-to-parent metabolite ratio. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.
1 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
Female CYP2D6 poor metabolizers had an 80% lower M1-to-berberine ratio; the genotype effect was not found in males.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/berberine-research/39488825.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "ba324da62a36391435595fd7c4de2a848aae714abd4df063433362e4fdddce33", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1787, "text_sha256": "ba324da62a36391435595fd7c4de2a848aae714abd4df063433362e4fdddce33"}
- experimental_model
- Transporter kinetics, mouse perfusion and human genotype-stratified pharmacokinetics
- exposure
- Oral berberine; OCT1 and CYP2D6 functional variants; sex-stratified analysis
- limitations
- Human OCT1 null finding differs from cellular and mouse findings. Sex-specific CYP2D6 result is not a universal rule for all formulations or a dosing algorithm.
- nutrient_topic
- Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Berberine
- organism
- Human participants and human OCT1; Oct1/2-deficient mice in separate arms
- plain_language
- The metabolic effect of this gene variant depended on sex in this study.
- primary_references
- [berberine-p39488825] Sex-Dependent Effects of CYP2D6 on the Pharmacokinetics of Berberine in Humans. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39488825/ DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3454
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Liver transport and systemic exposure
Berberine: metabolism, nutrient connections and drug interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 272–283
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transporter kinetics, mouse perfusion and human genotype-stratified pharmacokinetics · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### berberine-cyp2d6-sex Female CYP2D6 poor metabolizers had an 80% lower M1-to-berberine ratio; the genotype effect was not found in males. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The metabolic effect of this gene variant depended on sex in this study. organism: Human participants and human OCT1; Oct1/2-deficient mice in separate arms tissue_or_cell_type: Liver transport and systemic exposure experimental_model: Transporter kinetics, mouse perfusion and human genotype-stratified pharmacokinetics limitations: Human OCT1 null finding differs from cellular and mouse findings. Sex-specific CYP2D6 result is not a universal rule for all formulations or a dosing algorithm. exposure: Oral berberine; OCT1 and CYP2D6 functional variants; sex-stratified analysis evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/berberine-research/39488825.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "ba324da62a36391435595fd7c4de2a848aae714abd4df063433362e4fdddce33", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1787, "text_sha256": "ba324da62a36391435595fd7c4de2a848aae714abd4df063433362e4fdddce33"} [berberine-p39488825] Sex-Dependent Effects of CYP2D6 on the Pharmacokinetics of Berberine in Humans. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39488825/ DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3454
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.