Component
N-acetyl-Tyr-Val-alpha-hydroxyglycine
Defined synthetic PAL substrate; not a generic circulating hormone.
1 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
Purified bovine pituitary PAL catalyzed amidation of N-acetyl-Tyr-Val-alpha-hydroxyglycine, with reported Km 38 micromolar and turnover 220/s for this synthetic intermediate.
Experimental context and source evidence
- cross_nutrient
- Vitamin C chemistry in collagen, modified-lysine/carnitine metabolism or copper-dependent peptide/catecholamine processing.
- experimental_model
- Purified bovine pituitary PAL and bovine-domain expression constructs in HEK293 cells
- exposure
- Purified PAL with N-acetyl-Tyr-Val-alpha-hydroxyglycine; PHM or PAL-containing constructs expressed in HEK293.
- limitations
- Kinetics belong to this substrate and preparation. PAL is not another ascorbate-consuming hydroxylase; metal inhibition/reactivation in this paper does not establish physiological metal occupancy.
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin C research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin C
- organism
- Bos taurus (protein); Homo sapiens (expression host)
- plain_language
- After hydroxylation, a second enzyme domain releases the finished peptide amide.
- primary_references
- [pal1991] Peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase. Purification, characterization, and expression. (1991). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1902227/ DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)89524-6
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Bovine neurointermediate pituitary; heterologous HEK293
Vitamin C: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 898–909
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified bovine pituitary PAL and bovine-domain expression constructs in HEK293 cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### vc-enzyme-pal-intermediate-cleavage Purified bovine pituitary PAL catalyzed amidation of N-acetyl-Tyr-Val-alpha-hydroxyglycine, with reported Km 38 micromolar and turnover 220/s for this synthetic intermediate. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin C research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: After hydroxylation, a second enzyme domain releases the finished peptide amide. organism: Bos taurus (protein); Homo sapiens (expression host) tissue_or_cell_type: Bovine neurointermediate pituitary; heterologous HEK293 experimental_model: Purified bovine pituitary PAL and bovine-domain expression constructs in HEK293 cells limitations: Kinetics belong to this substrate and preparation. PAL is not another ascorbate-consuming hydroxylase; metal inhibition/reactivation in this paper does not establish physiological metal occupancy. cross_nutrient: Vitamin C chemistry in collagen, modified-lysine/carnitine metabolism or copper-dependent peptide/catecholamine processing. exposure: Purified PAL with N-acetyl-Tyr-Val-alpha-hydroxyglycine; PHM or PAL-containing constructs expressed in HEK293. [pal1991] Peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase. Purification, characterization, and expression. (1991). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1902227/ DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)89524-6
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.