Component

7-Ketocholesterol

3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Co-incubating 2.5 micromolar indicaxanthin prevented the measured 7-ketocholesterol-induced pro-apoptotic events.

    Indicaxanthin → 7-Ketocholesterol-induced apoptosis in human THP-1 cells source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Indicaxanthin 2.5 micromolar; 7-ketocholesterol challenge concentration not specified in accessed abstract
    duration
    Kinetic observations within 24 h
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract; detailed exposure for PMID 23931157 additionally checked in publisher results. No uninspected full text is claimed.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Human THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells challenged with 7-ketocholesterol
    limitations
    Calcium preservation is not calcium chelation, dietary calcium depletion or proof of a specific calcium-channel target; clinical plaque regression was not tested.
    nutrient_topic
    Betalains collection; each molecular form, species, exposure and preparation remains explicit. · Betalains
    organism
    Human THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells challenged with 7-ketocholesterol
    plain_language
    Co-incubating 2.5 micromolar indicaxanthin prevented the measured 7-ketocholesterol-induced pro-apoptotic events.
    primary_references
    Phytochemical indicaxanthin suppresses 7-ketocholesterol-induced THP-1 cell apoptosis by preventing cytosolic Ca(2+) increase and oxidative stress. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23228674/ DOI: 10.1017/S000711451200493X
    route
    In vitro co-incubation
    tissue
    Myeloid cells; cytosol and mitochondria

    Betalains: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 347–355

    Original AI-assisted curation of twelve primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells challenged with 7-ketocholesterol · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## betalains-thp1-apoptosis Co-incubating 2.5 micromolar indicaxanthin prevented the measured 7-ketocholesterol-induced pro-apoptotic events. Model/species: Human THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells challenged with 7-ketocholesterol Tissue: Myeloid cells; cytosol and mitochondria Exposure: Indicaxanthin 2.5 micromolar; 7-ketocholesterol challenge concentration not specified in accessed abstract Route: In vitro co-incubation Duration: Kinetic observations within 24 h Limits: Calcium preservation is not calcium chelation, dietary calcium depletion or proof of a specific calcium-channel target; clinical plaque regression was not tested. Primary reference: Phytochemical indicaxanthin suppresses 7-ketocholesterol-induced THP-1 cell apoptosis by preventing cytosolic Ca(2+) increase and oxidative stress. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23228674/ DOI: 10.1017/S000711451200493X
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Indicaxanthin preserved cytosolic calcium homeostasis during the 7-ketocholesterol challenge.

    Indicaxanthin → Cytosolic calcium in human THP-1 cells source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Indicaxanthin 2.5 micromolar; 7-ketocholesterol challenge concentration not specified in accessed abstract
    duration
    Kinetic observations within 24 h
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract; detailed exposure for PMID 23931157 additionally checked in publisher results. No uninspected full text is claimed.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Human THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells challenged with 7-ketocholesterol
    limitations
    Calcium preservation is not calcium chelation, dietary calcium depletion or proof of a specific calcium-channel target; clinical plaque regression was not tested.
    nutrient_topic
    Betalains collection; each molecular form, species, exposure and preparation remains explicit. · Betalains
    organism
    Human THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells challenged with 7-ketocholesterol
    plain_language
    Indicaxanthin preserved cytosolic calcium homeostasis during the 7-ketocholesterol challenge.
    primary_references
    Phytochemical indicaxanthin suppresses 7-ketocholesterol-induced THP-1 cell apoptosis by preventing cytosolic Ca(2+) increase and oxidative stress. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23228674/ DOI: 10.1017/S000711451200493X
    route
    In vitro co-incubation
    tissue
    Myeloid cells; cytosol and mitochondria

    Betalains: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 337–345

    Original AI-assisted curation of twelve primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells challenged with 7-ketocholesterol · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## betalains-thp1-calcium Indicaxanthin preserved cytosolic calcium homeostasis during the 7-ketocholesterol challenge. Model/species: Human THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells challenged with 7-ketocholesterol Tissue: Myeloid cells; cytosol and mitochondria Exposure: Indicaxanthin 2.5 micromolar; 7-ketocholesterol challenge concentration not specified in accessed abstract Route: In vitro co-incubation Duration: Kinetic observations within 24 h Limits: Calcium preservation is not calcium chelation, dietary calcium depletion or proof of a specific calcium-channel target; clinical plaque regression was not tested. Primary reference: Phytochemical indicaxanthin suppresses 7-ketocholesterol-induced THP-1 cell apoptosis by preventing cytosolic Ca(2+) increase and oxidative stress. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23228674/ DOI: 10.1017/S000711451200493X
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Indicaxanthin prevented 7-ketocholesterol-associated NOX4 overexpression in THP-1 cells.

    Indicaxanthin → Human NADPH oxidase 4 / NOX4 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Indicaxanthin 2.5 micromolar; 7-ketocholesterol challenge concentration not specified in accessed abstract
    duration
    Kinetic observations within 24 h
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract; detailed exposure for PMID 23931157 additionally checked in publisher results. No uninspected full text is claimed.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Human THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells challenged with 7-ketocholesterol
    limitations
    Calcium preservation is not calcium chelation, dietary calcium depletion or proof of a specific calcium-channel target; clinical plaque regression was not tested.
    nutrient_topic
    Betalains collection; each molecular form, species, exposure and preparation remains explicit. · Betalains
    organism
    Human THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells challenged with 7-ketocholesterol
    plain_language
    Indicaxanthin prevented 7-ketocholesterol-associated NOX4 overexpression in THP-1 cells.
    primary_references
    Phytochemical indicaxanthin suppresses 7-ketocholesterol-induced THP-1 cell apoptosis by preventing cytosolic Ca(2+) increase and oxidative stress. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23228674/ DOI: 10.1017/S000711451200493X
    route
    In vitro co-incubation
    tissue
    Myeloid cells; cytosol and mitochondria

    Betalains: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 327–335

    Original AI-assisted curation of twelve primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells challenged with 7-ketocholesterol · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## betalains-thp1-nox4 Indicaxanthin prevented 7-ketocholesterol-associated NOX4 overexpression in THP-1 cells. Model/species: Human THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells challenged with 7-ketocholesterol Tissue: Myeloid cells; cytosol and mitochondria Exposure: Indicaxanthin 2.5 micromolar; 7-ketocholesterol challenge concentration not specified in accessed abstract Route: In vitro co-incubation Duration: Kinetic observations within 24 h Limits: Calcium preservation is not calcium chelation, dietary calcium depletion or proof of a specific calcium-channel target; clinical plaque regression was not tested. Primary reference: Phytochemical indicaxanthin suppresses 7-ketocholesterol-induced THP-1 cell apoptosis by preventing cytosolic Ca(2+) increase and oxidative stress. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23228674/ DOI: 10.1017/S000711451200493X
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards