{"id":"694a34f1-b669-5284-a18a-e586065f21ea","stable_key":"cab605fe-8a82-5191-9966-d19a9628c24c:betalains-thp1-nox4","predicate":"reduces_expression","statement":"Indicaxanthin prevented 7-ketocholesterol-associated NOX4 overexpression in THP-1 cells.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"b40343d8-da1d-5f37-808e-fe55a3be41dc","mechanism_event_label":"Indicaxanthin prevented 7-ketocholesterol-associated NOX4 overexpression in THP-1 cells.","subject":{"id":"f2a6e469-05f0-5596-9054-da926389f584","slug":"indicaxanthin","display_name":"Indicaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"af0a67fd-f98f-5be6-a54d-1e3af3810dce","slug":"human-nox4","display_name":"Human NADPH oxidase 4 / NOX4","entity_type_key":"protein"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"b40343d8-da1d-5f37-808e-fe55a3be41dc","stable_key":"cab605fe-8a82-5191-9966-d19a9628c24c:betalains-thp1-nox4-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Indicaxanthin prevented 7-ketocholesterol-associated NOX4 overexpression in THP-1 cells.","description":"Indicaxanthin prevented 7-ketocholesterol-associated NOX4 overexpression in THP-1 cells.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"f2a6e469-05f0-5596-9054-da926389f584","slug":"indicaxanthin","display_name":"Indicaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"af0a67fd-f98f-5be6-a54d-1e3af3810dce","slug":"human-nox4","display_name":"Human NADPH oxidase 4 / NOX4","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"cfdf968e-d92e-5faf-8d64-9021ff8f603a","slug":"7-ketocholesterol","display_name":"7-Ketocholesterol","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"dose","value_text":"Indicaxanthin 2.5 micromolar; 7-ketocholesterol challenge concentration not specified in accessed abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"Kinetic observations within 24 h","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary PubMed abstract; detailed exposure for PMID 23931157 additionally checked in publisher results. No uninspected full text is claimed.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_scope","value_text":"literature_reviewed; source-derived curation, not universally established human effects","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Human THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells challenged with 7-ketocholesterol","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Calcium preservation is not calcium chelation, dietary calcium depletion or proof of a specific calcium-channel target; clinical plaque regression was not tested.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Betalains collection; each molecular form, species, exposure and preparation remains explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"betalains","display_name":"Betalains","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Human THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells challenged with 7-ketocholesterol","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Indicaxanthin prevented 7-ketocholesterol-associated NOX4 overexpression in THP-1 cells.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Phytochemical indicaxanthin suppresses 7-ketocholesterol-induced THP-1 cell apoptosis by preventing cytosolic Ca(2+) increase and oxidative stress. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23228674/ DOI: 10.1017/S000711451200493X","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"route","value_text":"In vitro co-incubation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue","value_text":"Myeloid cells; cytosol and mitochondria","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"644c6281-1a56-5147-9f7e-73086c6522e3","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 327-335","start_line":327,"end_line":335,"excerpt":"## betalains-thp1-nox4\nIndicaxanthin prevented 7-ketocholesterol-associated NOX4 overexpression in THP-1 cells.\nModel/species: Human THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells challenged with 7-ketocholesterol\nTissue: Myeloid cells; cytosol and mitochondria\nExposure: Indicaxanthin 2.5 micromolar; 7-ketocholesterol challenge concentration not specified in accessed abstract\nRoute: In vitro co-incubation\nDuration: Kinetic observations within 24 h\nLimits: Calcium preservation is not calcium chelation, dietary calcium depletion or proof of a specific calcium-channel target; clinical plaque regression was not tested.\nPrimary reference: Phytochemical indicaxanthin suppresses 7-ketocholesterol-induced THP-1 cell apoptosis by preventing cytosolic Ca(2+) increase and oxidative stress. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23228674/ DOI: 10.1017/S000711451200493X","model_system":"Human THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells challenged with 7-ketocholesterol","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact archived curation span; an original paraphrase with an individually identified primary reference.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"be94d093-444c-5729-8831-bc33b0ef2fd7","stable_key":"import-cab605fe-8a82-5191-9966-d19a9628c24c","title":"Betalains: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted curation of twelve primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. 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