Losartan: molecular mechanisms & dependencies

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

Human evidence only

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

Where it participates (unsigned role)

After 1 g/day resveratrol for four weeks, the healthy-volunteer study found decreased CYP2C9 phenotypic activity using losartan as the probe.
Resveratrol → Human cytochrome P450 2C9 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_access
Primary full text
experimental_model
42 initiated; enzyme activities assessed in 40; before/after pharmacological-dose study.
limitations
Probe indices are not proof of transcriptional induction or a quantified interaction with every substrate; no medication adjustment follows.
nutrient_topic
Resveratrol collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Resveratrol
plain_language
A human drug-metabolism interaction was measured with a specific probe.
primary_references
Resveratrol modulates drug- and carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes in a healthy volunteer study. · 2010 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20716633/ · DOI 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0155
Resveratrol: metabolites, target selectivity and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 430–436
AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · 42 initiated; enzyme activities assessed in 40; before/after pharmacological-dose study. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## resveratrol-human-cyp2c9 A human drug-metabolism interaction was measured with a specific probe. After 1 g/day resveratrol for four weeks, the healthy-volunteer study found decreased CYP2C9 phenotypic activity using losartan as the probe. Model: 42 initiated; enzyme activities assessed in 40; before/after pharmacological-dose study. Limitations: Probe indices are not proof of transcriptional induction or a quantified interaction with every substrate; no medication adjustment follows. Evidence access: Primary full text Resveratrol modulates drug- and carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes in a healthy volunteer study. · 2010 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20716633/ · DOI 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0155
Complete structured claim and evidence
Berberine approximately doubled the losartan/E-3174 ratio, indicating reduced CYP2C9 activity.
Berberine → CYP2C9 activity measured by probe-drug phenotyping source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/berberine-research/21870106.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "12e465c3c0a8ce995697a6fb9bf77c079e38b413e82c8b4f2a82e45a3dbf8ae5", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1817, "text_sha256": "12e465c3c0a8ce995697a6fb9bf77c079e38b413e82c8b4f2a82e45a3dbf8ae5"}
experimental_model
Two-phase randomized crossover enzyme-phenotyping study
exposure
Berberine 300 mg three times daily for 14 days versus placebo
limitations
Small short-term study. Probe metabolic ratios are not percentage inhibition of every substrate. No universal dose-adjustment rule; no statistically significant effect is not equivalence.
nutrient_topic
Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Berberine
organism
Healthy human male volunteers; 17 completed
plain_language
The drug-to-active-metabolite ratio changed in people.
primary_references
[berberine-p21870106] Repeated administration of berberine inhibits cytochromes P450 in humans. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21870106/ DOI: 10.1007/s00228-011-1108-2
tissue_or_cell_type
Oral probe pharmacokinetics and urinary metabolite ratios
Berberine: metabolism, nutrient connections and drug interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 649–660
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Two-phase randomized crossover enzyme-phenotyping study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### berberine-human-cyp-2c9 Berberine approximately doubled the losartan/E-3174 ratio, indicating reduced CYP2C9 activity. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The drug-to-active-metabolite ratio changed in people. organism: Healthy human male volunteers; 17 completed tissue_or_cell_type: Oral probe pharmacokinetics and urinary metabolite ratios experimental_model: Two-phase randomized crossover enzyme-phenotyping study limitations: Small short-term study. Probe metabolic ratios are not percentage inhibition of every substrate. No universal dose-adjustment rule; no statistically significant effect is not equivalence. exposure: Berberine 300 mg three times daily for 14 days versus placebo evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/berberine-research/21870106.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "12e465c3c0a8ce995697a6fb9bf77c079e38b413e82c8b4f2a82e45a3dbf8ae5", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1817, "text_sha256": "12e465c3c0a8ce995697a6fb9bf77c079e38b413e82c8b4f2a82e45a3dbf8ae5"} [berberine-p21870106] Repeated administration of berberine inhibits cytochromes P450 in humans. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21870106/ DOI: 10.1007/s00228-011-1108-2
Complete structured claim and evidence

The events it takes part in

A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.

Situations it appears in

Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.

In the sources

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Open hypotheses

Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.

This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

Losartan