Component
Human cerebrospinal fluid
Human cerebrospinal fluid. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.
1 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
Where it participates (unsigned role)
Cerebrospinal fluid and blood were collected from 26 adult male patients between 10 and 211 minutes after intravenous administration of 1 gram of paracetamol, AM404 was detected in 17 of the 26 evaluable cerebrospinal fluid samples at 5 to 40 nanomoles per litre and paracetamol was measurable within 10 minutes with a maximum measured concentration of 60 micromoles per litre at 206 minutes, the first report of AM404 in human cerebrospinal fluid after paracetamol, although the measured concentrations were far below the previously documented half-maximal inhibitory concentration for this metabolite.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/paracetamol-research/29238213.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3f8c752d7c1931585f2ce5bc6059b45b103e73fbc7e067912b0d2c60e8541165", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1557, "text_sha256": "3f8c752d7c1931585f2ce5bc6059b45b103e73fbc7e067912b0d2c60e8541165"}
- experimental_model
- Cerebrospinal fluid and blood sampled from 26 adult male patients after intravenous paracetamol
- exposure
- 1 gram intravenous paracetamol, with AM404 measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
- limitations
- The first human demonstration that the metabolite reaches the central nervous system, and simultaneously the strongest quantitative objection to its importance, since the concentrations found are far below the reported potency of the compound.
- nutrient_topic
- Paracetamol research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the drug is recorded separately from the metabolites NAPQI and AM404. · Paracetamol
- organism
- Human
- plain_language
- The metabolite really is in human brain fluid, at about a thousandth of the concentration it is thought to need.
- primary_references
- [apap-p29238213] First evidence of the conversion of paracetamol to AM404 in human cerebrospinal fluid. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29238213/ DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s143500
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Cerebrospinal fluid
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cerebrospinal fluid and blood sampled from 26 adult male patients after intravenous paracetamol · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### apap-am404-in-human-csf-but-low Cerebrospinal fluid and blood were collected from 26 adult male patients between 10 and 211 minutes after intravenous administration of 1 gram of paracetamol, AM404 was detected in 17 of the 26 evaluable cerebrospinal fluid samples at 5 to 40 nanomoles per litre and paracetamol was measurable within 10 minutes with a maximum measured concentration of 60 micromoles per litre at 206 minutes, the first report of AM404 in human cerebrospinal fluid after paracetamol, although the measured concentrations were far below the previously documented half-maximal inhibitory concentration for this metabolite. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Paracetamol research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the drug is recorded separately from the metabolites NAPQI and AM404. plain_language: The metabolite really is in human brain fluid, at about a thousandth of the concentration it is thought to need. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Cerebrospinal fluid experimental_model: Cerebrospinal fluid and blood sampled from 26 adult male patients after intravenous paracetamol limitations: The first human demonstration that the metabolite reaches the central nervous system, and simultaneously the strongest quantitative objection to its importance, since the concentrations found are far below the reported potency of the compound. exposure: 1 gram intravenous paracetamol, with AM404 measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/paracetamol-research/29238213.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3f8c752d7c1931585f2ce5bc6059b45b103e73fbc7e067912b0d2c60e8541165", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1557, "text_sha256": "3f8c752d7c1931585f2ce5bc6059b45b103e73fbc7e067912b0d2c60e8541165"} [apap-p29238213] First evidence of the conversion of paracetamol to AM404 in human cerebrospinal fluid. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29238213/ DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s143500
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.