Component
Glutathione peroxidase with glutathione as a peroxide-removing system
Glutathione peroxidase with glutathione as a peroxide-removing system. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.
1 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
Where it participates (unsigned role)
The potency of acetaminophen against both purified ovine cyclooxygenase-1 and human cyclooxygenase-2 was increased approximately 30-fold by the presence of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione, giving half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 33 and 980 micromolar respectively, acetaminophen was found to be a good reducing agent of both enzymes, and the results are consistent with a mechanism in which it reduces the active oxidized form of the enzyme to the resting form, so that inhibition would be more effective under conditions of low peroxide concentration, consistent with the known tissue selectivity.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/paracetamol-research/11370851.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4eeda4b163828f2cc2a4341c4810df6bf6c683d6165eeb09479104f185e52ca4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1086, "text_sha256": "4eeda4b163828f2cc2a4341c4810df6bf6c683d6165eeb09479104f185e52ca4"}
- experimental_model
- Purified ovine cyclooxygenase-1 and human cyclooxygenase-2 assayed with and without a peroxide-removing system
- exposure
- Acetaminophen with and without glutathione peroxidase and glutathione
- limitations
- Adding a peroxide-removing system is the manipulation that reveals the mechanism, because it changes potency thirtyfold without changing the drug. Purified enzyme, so the concentrations are not tissue concentrations.
- nutrient_topic
- Paracetamol research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the drug is recorded separately from the metabolites NAPQI and AM404. · Paracetamol
- organism
- Sheep and human enzyme
- plain_language
- Take the peroxide away and the same drug becomes thirty times stronger, which is the whole mechanism in one experiment.
- primary_references
- [apap-p11370851] Mechanism of acetaminophen inhibition of cyclooxygenase isoforms. (2001). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11370851/ DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2000.2232
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Purified cyclooxygenase
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified ovine cyclooxygenase-1 and human cyclooxygenase-2 assayed with and without a peroxide-removing system · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### apap-potency-depends-on-peroxide The potency of acetaminophen against both purified ovine cyclooxygenase-1 and human cyclooxygenase-2 was increased approximately 30-fold by the presence of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione, giving half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 33 and 980 micromolar respectively, acetaminophen was found to be a good reducing agent of both enzymes, and the results are consistent with a mechanism in which it reduces the active oxidized form of the enzyme to the resting form, so that inhibition would be more effective under conditions of low peroxide concentration, consistent with the known tissue selectivity. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Paracetamol research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the drug is recorded separately from the metabolites NAPQI and AM404. plain_language: Take the peroxide away and the same drug becomes thirty times stronger, which is the whole mechanism in one experiment. organism: Sheep and human enzyme tissue_or_cell_type: Purified cyclooxygenase experimental_model: Purified ovine cyclooxygenase-1 and human cyclooxygenase-2 assayed with and without a peroxide-removing system limitations: Adding a peroxide-removing system is the manipulation that reveals the mechanism, because it changes potency thirtyfold without changing the drug. Purified enzyme, so the concentrations are not tissue concentrations. exposure: Acetaminophen with and without glutathione peroxidase and glutathione evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/paracetamol-research/11370851.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4eeda4b163828f2cc2a4341c4810df6bf6c683d6165eeb09479104f185e52ca4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1086, "text_sha256": "4eeda4b163828f2cc2a4341c4810df6bf6c683d6165eeb09479104f185e52ca4"} [apap-p11370851] Mechanism of acetaminophen inhibition of cyclooxygenase isoforms. (2001). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11370851/ DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2000.2232
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.