{"id":"fed68b60-b9c4-51eb-8702-dd63c39f342c","stable_key":"104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4:butyrate-lactate-crossfeeding","predicate":"microbially_converted_to","statement":"E. hallii-related and A. caccae isolates consumed lactate and formed butyrate; coculture with starch-utilizing B. adolescentis removed detectable L-lactate and generated butyrate.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"c2ba9a62-adc4-5396-a1f7-b53154cd5f4f","mechanism_event_label":"Cooperating bacteria turned lactate from starch fermentation into butyrate.","subject":{"id":"5ebd9a7c-b151-5b70-b70d-7d33067d4ebf","slug":"lactate","display_name":"L-Lactate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"e7428a7f-d35a-5406-9904-a88984814833","slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"c2ba9a62-adc4-5396-a1f7-b53154cd5f4f","stable_key":"104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4:butyrate-lactate-crossfeeding-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Cooperating bacteria turned lactate from starch fermentation into butyrate.","description":"E. hallii-related and A. caccae isolates consumed lactate and formed butyrate; coculture with starch-utilizing B. adolescentis removed detectable L-lactate and generated butyrate.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"5ebd9a7c-b151-5b70-b70d-7d33067d4ebf","slug":"lactate","display_name":"L-Lactate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"e7428a7f-d35a-5406-9904-a88984814833","slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"ec47b981-900d-5fef-8669-81ca2f43c045","slug":"e-hallii-study-isolates","display_name":"Human-fecal Eubacterium hallii-related isolates in the 2004 study","entity_type_key":"organism"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"db2daf2b-21ee-5be4-98f0-fb550ce5e3f9","slug":"anaerostipes-caccae","display_name":"Anaerostipes caccae","entity_type_key":"organism"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"a5a50a6a-29f3-530a-b1d8-79999af3b3e4","slug":"bifidobacterium-adolescentis","display_name":"Bifidobacterium adolescentis","entity_type_key":"organism"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":4,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"400687c3-8d8b-5488-96ab-e594d3c2182c","slug":"d-lactate","display_name":"D-Lactate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":5,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Human-fecal isolates and defined cocultures.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Strain-specific capacity; several other butyrate-producing species did not use lactate.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Butyrate collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Cooperating bacteria turned lactate from starch fermentation into butyrate.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Lactate-utilizing bacteria, isolated from human feces, that produce butyrate as a major fermentation product. · 2004 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15466518/ · DOI 10.1128/AEM.70.10.5810-5817.2004","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"ce174204-2418-5bbf-b973-d2f53d7d9540","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 62-68","start_line":62,"end_line":68,"excerpt":"## butyrate-lactate-crossfeeding\nCooperating bacteria turned lactate from starch fermentation into butyrate.\nE. hallii-related and A. caccae isolates consumed lactate and formed butyrate; coculture with starch-utilizing B. adolescentis removed detectable L-lactate and generated butyrate.\nModel: Human-fecal isolates and defined cocultures.\nLimitations: Strain-specific capacity; several other butyrate-producing species did not use lactate.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nLactate-utilizing bacteria, isolated from human feces, that produce butyrate as a major fermentation product. · 2004 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15466518/ · DOI 10.1128/AEM.70.10.5810-5817.2004","model_system":"Human-fecal isolates and defined cocultures.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"33205bb8-dcbe-5d2c-afca-86075d7748d1","stable_key":"import-104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4","title":"Butyrate: microbial production, fuel use, signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. 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