{"id":"fe30acb5-0ae2-5693-9c54-92d9a2048383","stable_key":"35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769:night-vision-human-night-visual-acuity","predicate":"no_detected_change_in_recorded_experiment","statement":"Bilberry extract did not improve night visual acuity in the controlled healthy-young-men crossover trial.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"neutral","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"8c9aa5ca-0865-5612-a24f-13eee311972c","mechanism_event_label":"Bilberry extract did not improve night visual acuity in the controlled healthy-young-men crossover trial.","subject":{"id":"bae14266-b904-5496-8363-b2157fd4ae81","slug":"bilberry-extract-muth-2000","display_name":"Bilberry extract with 25% anthocyanosides in Muth 2000","entity_type_key":"botanical"},"object":{"id":"280206a5-097d-536c-863a-55e8f6fc27c2","slug":"human-night-visual-acuity","display_name":"Human night visual acuity","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"8c9aa5ca-0865-5612-a24f-13eee311972c","stable_key":"35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769:night-vision-human-night-visual-acuity-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"Bilberry extract did not improve night visual acuity in the controlled healthy-young-men crossover trial.","description":"**Controlled human night-vision results were negative.** A 15-man crossover trial used 160 mg bilberry extract containing 25% anthocyanosides three times daily for 21 days, with a washout and crossover. Night visual acuity and contrast sensitivity did not improve versus placebo. This constrains that preparation in healthy young men; it is not a finding about all eye diseases. Wartime anecdotes are not substitutes for this comparison. [Muth et al., 2000](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10767671/).","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"bae14266-b904-5496-8363-b2157fd4ae81","slug":"bilberry-extract-muth-2000","display_name":"Bilberry extract with 25% anthocyanosides in Muth 2000","entity_type_key":"botanical"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"Bilberry extract for 21 days","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"280206a5-097d-536c-863a-55e8f6fc27c2","slug":"human-night-visual-acuity","display_name":"Human night visual acuity","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"no_detected_change","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"334092e5-f575-582a-b64f-99aa53e42b2e","slug":"night-vision","display_name":"Night vision","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"broader functional context","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary indexed abstract reviewed; full methods, figures, exact doses or endpoint-specific species assignments may remain unextracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"Bilberry extract for 21 days\", \"comparator\": \"Placebo in crossover\", \"endpoint\": \"Bilberry extract did not improve night visual acuity in the controlled healthy-young-men crossover trial.\", \"effect_direction\": \"no_detected_change\", \"combination\": \"single\", \"conditions\": []}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"15 men, 160 mg 25%-anthocyanoside bilberry extract three times daily, 21 days, washout/crossover.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Specific preparation and healthy population; not all eye diseases or all anthocyanin structures.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Bilberry extract did not improve night visual acuity in the controlled healthy-young-men crossover trial.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"The effect of bilberry nutritional supplementation on night visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. | 2000 | PMID 10767671 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10767671/","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 98-98; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"31ea8243-1a19-58e9-85fa-26cb58c44373","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 98-98","start_line":98,"end_line":98,"excerpt":"**Controlled human night-vision results were negative.** A 15-man crossover trial used 160 mg bilberry extract containing 25% anthocyanosides three times daily for 21 days, with a washout and crossover. Night visual acuity and contrast sensitivity did not improve versus placebo. This constrains that preparation in healthy young men; it is not a finding about all eye diseases. Wartime anecdotes are not substitutes for this comparison. [Muth et al., 2000](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10767671/).","model_system":"15 men, 160 mg 25%-anthocyanoside bilberry extract three times daily, 21 days, washout/crossover.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. Not a verbatim quotation from a primary paper.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"b08e7f7d-4d34-56d7-a185-2124f8d72b3c","stable_key":"import-35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769","title":"Anthocyanins: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 4 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication.","file_path":"","sha256":"7cff1a47fbd9c625412b84162b1c823004b4162b7c009f9a11d5807fb8e04ef9","revision_id":"1bd4fa42-bfeb-5148-8250-fc363d8c1de0","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}