{"id":"fe2d7752-d407-5552-9603-006b14ee6299","stable_key":"104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4:butyrate-systemic-availability","predicate":"modulates","statement":"In 12 healthy subjects receiving isotope-labeled SCFAs in colon-release capsules, systemic availability was approximately 2% for butyrate, compared with 9% propionate and 36% acetate.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"ffc1b96f-9250-537f-b23e-1faf74ac0718","mechanism_event_label":"Most colon-delivered butyrate did not reach the general circulation unchanged.","subject":{"id":"e7428a7f-d35a-5406-9904-a88984814833","slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"36998302-96b3-5565-8d9b-faea67154942","slug":"human-colonic-butyrate-availability","display_name":"Systemic availability of colon-delivered butyrate in humans","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"ffc1b96f-9250-537f-b23e-1faf74ac0718","stable_key":"104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4:butyrate-systemic-availability-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Most colon-delivered butyrate did not reach the general circulation unchanged.","description":"In 12 healthy subjects receiving isotope-labeled SCFAs in colon-release capsules, systemic availability was approximately 2% for butyrate, compared with 9% propionate and 36% acetate.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"e7428a7f-d35a-5406-9904-a88984814833","slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"36998302-96b3-5565-8d9b-faea67154942","slug":"human-colonic-butyrate-availability","display_name":"Systemic availability of colon-delivered butyrate in humans","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"e366e758-1fb0-5573-aed1-34f6df874ac7","slug":"acetate","display_name":"Acetate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"availability_state","value_text":"biomarker_context","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Imported condition classification; unverified.","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Human stable-isotope pharmacokinetic study.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Specific to colonic delivery and study conditions; does not quantify oral immediate-release, rectal or injected exposure.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Butyrate collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Most colon-delivered butyrate did not reach the general circulation unchanged.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Systemic availability and metabolism of colonic-derived short-chain fatty acids in healthy subjects: a stable isotope study. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27510655/ · DOI 10.1113/JP272613","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"trigger_kind","value_text":"biomarker_context","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Imported condition classification; unverified.","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"94fa00b5-9dd9-5010-8972-cf591ff5f004","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 142-148","start_line":142,"end_line":148,"excerpt":"## butyrate-systemic-availability\nMost colon-delivered butyrate did not reach the general circulation unchanged.\nIn 12 healthy subjects receiving isotope-labeled SCFAs in colon-release capsules, systemic availability was approximately 2% for butyrate, compared with 9% propionate and 36% acetate.\nModel: Human stable-isotope pharmacokinetic study.\nLimitations: Specific to colonic delivery and study conditions; does not quantify oral immediate-release, rectal or injected exposure.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nSystemic availability and metabolism of colonic-derived short-chain fatty acids in healthy subjects: a stable isotope study. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27510655/ · DOI 10.1113/JP272613","model_system":"Human stable-isotope pharmacokinetic study.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"33205bb8-dcbe-5d2c-afca-86075d7748d1","stable_key":"import-104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4","title":"Butyrate: microbial production, fuel use, signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. 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