{"id":"fd5ba2ad-3335-5fed-a413-959b5f65374e","stable_key":"09b23d0d-35e2-51ff-b1aa-b4f9227e4fa2:isoleucine-epithelial-defensin","predicate":"induces_tested","statement":"L-isoleucine and selected analogs induced epithelial beta-defensin transcription with NF-kappaB/Rel activation in the study assays.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"fe001579-c317-556c-9573-1fd8721d281c","mechanism_event_label":"The free amino acid can act as a signal in an epithelial model.","subject":{"id":"c85b327e-f132-5d9a-8e4b-c2976fcc0373","slug":"isoleucine","display_name":"L-Isoleucine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"d9acb0a0-bfc2-59cf-8805-cffaca10d982","slug":"epithelial-beta-defensin-expression-assay","display_name":"Epithelial beta-defensin expression in the tested preparation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"fe001579-c317-556c-9573-1fd8721d281c","stable_key":"09b23d0d-35e2-51ff-b1aa-b4f9227e4fa2:isoleucine-epithelial-defensin-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"The free amino acid can act as a signal in an epithelial model.","description":"L-isoleucine and selected analogs induced epithelial beta-defensin transcription with NF-kappaB/Rel activation in the study assays.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"c85b327e-f132-5d9a-8e4b-c2976fcc0373","slug":"isoleucine","display_name":"L-Isoleucine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"d9acb0a0-bfc2-59cf-8805-cffaca10d982","slug":"epithelial-beta-defensin-expression-assay","display_name":"Epithelial beta-defensin expression in the tested preparation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Epithelial expression study; precise species/construct not resolved in accessed abstract.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"A pattern-recognition receptor was hypothesized, not identified; not clinical immunity enhancement.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"L-Isoleucine collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"isoleucine","display_name":"L-Isoleucine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The free amino acid can act as a signal in an epithelial model.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"An essential amino acid induces epithelial beta -defensin expression. · 2000 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11058160/ · DOI 10.1073/pnas.220424597","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"cb1db4d0-bbf5-5cf6-a261-e5dc7470d136","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 434-440","start_line":434,"end_line":440,"excerpt":"## isoleucine-epithelial-defensin\nThe free amino acid can act as a signal in an epithelial model.\nL-isoleucine and selected analogs induced epithelial beta-defensin transcription with NF-kappaB/Rel activation in the study assays.\nModel: Epithelial expression study; precise species/construct not resolved in accessed abstract.\nLimitations: A pattern-recognition receptor was hypothesized, not identified; not clinical immunity enhancement.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nAn essential amino acid induces epithelial beta -defensin expression. · 2000 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11058160/ · DOI 10.1073/pnas.220424597","model_system":"Epithelial expression study; precise species/construct not resolved in accessed abstract.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"4b00f118-00fd-5cef-be97-13125eb958e9","stable_key":"import-09b23d0d-35e2-51ff-b1aa-b4f9227e4fa2","title":"L-Isoleucine: transport, translation, catabolism and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. 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