{"id":"f8b01589-99d8-5067-b33c-3f24c320112f","stable_key":"a8bedee0-a740-5bbb-921e-bfd144c7b68c:astaxanthin-combination-training","predicate":"in_combination_changes","statement":"The older-adult training study used 12 mg astaxanthin, 10 mg tocotrienol and 6 mg zinc per day alongside 12 weeks of exercise; metabolic adaptations differed by sex.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"041defd8-533b-5bc7-80b3-ab2befae0458","mechanism_event_label":"The intervention tested three ingredients with exercise.","subject":{"id":"1bf8b9c0-9c38-5c8a-b5da-f00b0eeca36f","slug":"astaxanthin","display_name":"Astaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"d6a1c216-906f-5037-a791-f550dd24835b","slug":"human-astaxanthin-combination-training","display_name":"Older-adult training response to astaxanthin/tocotrienol/zinc formulation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"041defd8-533b-5bc7-80b3-ab2befae0458","stable_key":"a8bedee0-a740-5bbb-921e-bfd144c7b68c:astaxanthin-combination-training-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"The intervention tested three ingredients with exercise.","description":"The older-adult training study used 12 mg astaxanthin, 10 mg tocotrienol and 6 mg zinc per day alongside 12 weeks of exercise; metabolic adaptations differed by sex.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"1bf8b9c0-9c38-5c8a-b5da-f00b0eeca36f","slug":"astaxanthin","display_name":"Astaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"d6a1c216-906f-5037-a791-f550dd24835b","slug":"human-astaxanthin-combination-training","display_name":"Older-adult training response to astaxanthin/tocotrienol/zinc formulation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"49c806c2-7041-5020-8b3b-fa04ffa122ac","slug":"zinc-ion","display_name":"Zinc(II) ion","entity_type_key":"ion"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"ea9ce5a0-14af-5732-9268-19b678608662","slug":"astaxanthin-trial-tocotrienol-mixture","display_name":"Tocotrienol preparation in the older-adult astaxanthin trial; isomer unspecified","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text, intervention methods; tocotrienol isomer not specified","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Adults aged 65–82; combined supplement and treadmill training.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"The design cannot isolate astaxanthin, tocotrienol or zinc effects or demonstrate synergy among them.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Astaxanthin collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"astaxanthin","display_name":"Astaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The intervention tested three ingredients with exercise.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Astaxanthin supplementation enhances metabolic adaptation with aerobic training in the elderly. · 2021 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34110707/ · DOI 10.14814/phy2.14887","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"d5d9f40b-bbaf-5bc1-ace0-d1e2256a3c0b","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 478-484","start_line":478,"end_line":484,"excerpt":"## astaxanthin-combination-training\nThe intervention tested three ingredients with exercise.\nThe older-adult training study used 12 mg astaxanthin, 10 mg tocotrienol and 6 mg zinc per day alongside 12 weeks of exercise; metabolic adaptations differed by sex.\nModel: Adults aged 65–82; combined supplement and treadmill training.\nLimitations: The design cannot isolate astaxanthin, tocotrienol or zinc effects or demonstrate synergy among them.\nEvidence access: Primary full text, intervention methods; tocotrienol isomer not specified\nAstaxanthin supplementation enhances metabolic adaptation with aerobic training in the elderly. · 2021 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34110707/ · DOI 10.14814/phy2.14887","model_system":"Adults aged 65–82; combined supplement and treadmill training.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"4fd91ea6-78b4-5bfe-93e3-686fbef9f678","stable_key":"import-a8bedee0-a740-5bbb-921e-bfd144c7b68c","title":"Astaxanthin: transport, membrane chemistry, signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"98640e32f62e6c0387578165342ad21b3d2325701fcfdbb5c48886c783040e5e","revision_id":"a82757ce-1feb-582c-a5fc-f7de36308f1f","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}