{"id":"f4d335c5-9b26-5d5c-bcd3-ae7d2dbf0d1f","stable_key":"18100170-a014-51c3-adeb-9dab4162b8cc:malnutrition-zinc-null","predicate":"no_detected_change_in_recorded_experiment","statement":"Low thymulin content in the child malnutrition study occurred without depleted total thymic zinc; total zinc does not resolve subcellular availability.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_recorded","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"neutral","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"7155eace-9c08-5150-a75f-2b69ac036d18","mechanism_event_label":"Low thymulin content in the child malnutrition study occurred without depleted total thymic zinc; total zinc does not resolve subcellular availability.","subject":{"id":"4f0b1060-1f5a-5126-b633-945b9578eab5","slug":"severe-protein-energy-malnutrition","display_name":"Severe protein-energy malnutrition","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"object":{"id":"bd3af018-32f3-5dac-a04a-77ba3bffaba8","slug":"human-thymic-zinc-content","display_name":"Human thymic zinc content","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"7155eace-9c08-5150-a75f-2b69ac036d18","stable_key":"18100170-a014-51c3-adeb-9dab4162b8cc:malnutrition-zinc-null-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"Low thymulin content in the child malnutrition study occurred without depleted total thymic zinc; total zinc does not resolve subcellular availability.","description":"A crucial counterexample comes from postmortem thymuses of 58 Senegalese children. Severe protein-energy malnutrition was associated with small thymuses and very low thymulin content, **without depleted thymic zinc content**. This observational study cannot resolve intracellular zinc delivery, but it shows why reduced thymulin should not automatically be assigned to insufficient total tissue zinc. [Jambon et al., 1988](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3136643/)","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"4f0b1060-1f5a-5126-b633-945b9578eab5","slug":"severe-protein-energy-malnutrition","display_name":"Severe protein-energy malnutrition","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"Severe protein-energy malnutrition","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"bd3af018-32f3-5dac-a04a-77ba3bffaba8","slug":"human-thymic-zinc-content","display_name":"Human thymic zinc content","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"no_detected_change","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"49c806c2-7041-5020-8b3b-fa04ffa122ac","slug":"zinc-ion","display_name":"Zinc(II) ion","entity_type_key":"ion"},"role":"measured tissue metal","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"23819462-9bdf-5856-beac-68b3dca9cf85","slug":"thymulin","display_name":"Thymulin","entity_type_key":"peptide"},"role":"separate peptide readout","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary bibliographic record and abstract checked; full methods/figures not comprehensively reviewed.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"Severe protein-energy malnutrition\", \"comparator\": \"Study comparison children\", \"endpoint\": \"Low thymulin content in the child malnutrition study occurred without depleted total thymic zinc; total zinc does not resolve subcellular availability.\", \"effect_direction\": \"no_detected_change\", \"combination\": \"single\", \"conditions\": []}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Human postmortem thymuses, 58 Senegalese children; observational association.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Interpret only within the recorded preparation, exposure and comparator. The complete source passage retains qualifications; unspecified doses/timing have not been extracted here. No clinical efficacy, nutrient deficiency or unique molecular mediation is inferred.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Low thymulin content in the child malnutrition study occurred without depleted total thymic zinc; total zinc does not resolve subcellular availability.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Thymulin (facteur thymique serique) and zinc contents of the thymus glands of malnourished children. | 1988 | DOI 10.1093/ajcn/48.2.335 | PMID 3136643 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3136643/","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 116-116; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"b4e3b348-ceea-5477-80e7-de99acfa818f","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 116-116","start_line":116,"end_line":116,"excerpt":"A crucial counterexample comes from postmortem thymuses of 58 Senegalese children. Severe protein-energy malnutrition was associated with small thymuses and very low thymulin content, **without depleted thymic zinc content**. This observational study cannot resolve intracellular zinc delivery, but it shows why reduced thymulin should not automatically be assigned to insufficient total tissue zinc. [Jambon et al., 1988](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3136643/)","model_system":"Human postmortem thymuses, 58 Senegalese children; observational association.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_recorded","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. 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