{"id":"f1fa756f-9f1a-5b79-8786-13234b8553c3","stable_key":"c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8:aitc-knockout-invivo","predicate":"no_detected_change_in_recorded_experiment","statement":"Oral AITC raised GLP-1 in both wild-type and Trpa1-null mice; the response was not reduced by Trpa1 loss.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_recorded","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"neutral","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"fe193da8-7b01-5d61-aa91-e30daed8a701","mechanism_event_label":"Oral AITC raised GLP-1 in both wild-type and Trpa1-null mice; the response was not reduced by Trpa1 loss.","subject":{"id":"199725ce-3636-5da2-8cf6-ad271e0440ea","slug":"allyl-isothiocyanate","display_name":"Allyl isothiocyanate / AITC","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"8ef8f654-cc59-5a0d-87c6-a5610d2cf92d","slug":"mouse-plasma-glp1-response","display_name":"Mouse plasma GLP-1 response","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"fe193da8-7b01-5d61-aa91-e30daed8a701","stable_key":"c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8:aitc-knockout-invivo-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"Oral AITC raised GLP-1 in both wild-type and Trpa1-null mice; the response was not reduced by Trpa1 loss.","description":"**The GLP-1 experiment did not test allicin.** Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and carvacrol increased calcium signaling and GLP-1 secretion in mouse intestinal cultures; antagonism or Trpa1 deletion limited those responses. Glucose-induced responses persisted during TRPA1 blockade. In vivo, oral AITC at 15 mg/kg raised GLP-1 even in Trpa1-null mice; lower doses did not significantly increase it. Capsaicin did not increase secretion in the tested cultures. These findings constrain a proposed allicin–TRPA1–GLP-1 connection, but they do not demonstrate it. AITC is not allicin. [Emery 2015](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4375100/)","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"199725ce-3636-5da2-8cf6-ad271e0440ea","slug":"allyl-isothiocyanate","display_name":"Allyl isothiocyanate / AITC","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"AITC in Trpa1-null mice","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"8ef8f654-cc59-5a0d-87c6-a5610d2cf92d","slug":"mouse-plasma-glp1-response","display_name":"Mouse plasma GLP-1 response","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"no_detected_change","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"05575212-6bc2-544a-8983-16b578525891","slug":"mouse-trpa1","display_name":"Mouse Trpa1 ion channel","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"deleted factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text available; selected claim-relevant methods, results, tables/figures and limitations reviewed. Supplemental proteome and all secondary findings are not exhaustively extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_condition","value_text":"administered","comparator":"AITC in wild-type mice","unit":null,"notes":"Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.","entity":{"slug":"allyl-isothiocyanate","display_name":"Allyl isothiocyanate / AITC","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"experimental_condition","value_text":"deleted","comparator":"AITC in wild-type mice","unit":null,"notes":"Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.","entity":{"slug":"mouse-trpa1","display_name":"Mouse Trpa1 ion channel","entity_type_key":"protein"}},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"AITC in Trpa1-null mice\", \"comparator\": \"AITC in wild-type mice\", \"endpoint\": \"Oral AITC raised GLP-1 in both wild-type and Trpa1-null mice; the response was not reduced by Trpa1 loss.\", \"effect_direction\": \"no_detected_change\", \"combination\": \"joint\", \"conditions\": [{\"entity_slug\": \"allyl-isothiocyanate\", \"state\": \"administered\"}, {\"entity_slug\": \"mouse-trpa1\", \"state\": \"deleted\"}]}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Mouse oral AITC 15 mg/kg; plasma measurement at five minutes.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"The null concerns genotype effect; AITC increased GLP-1 versus vehicle. Does not prove TRPA1 mediation in vivo.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Oral AITC raised GLP-1 in both wild-type and Trpa1-null mice; the response was not reduced by Trpa1 loss.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Stimulation of GLP-1 secretion downstream of the ligand-gated ion channel TRPA1. | 2015 | DOI 10.2337/db14-0737 | PMID 25325736 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25325736/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4375100/ | https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-0737","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 75-75; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"c1f21c5e-af8d-533b-95be-0973ab6249e3","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 75-75","start_line":75,"end_line":75,"excerpt":"**The GLP-1 experiment did not test allicin.** Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and carvacrol increased calcium signaling and GLP-1 secretion in mouse intestinal cultures; antagonism or Trpa1 deletion limited those responses. Glucose-induced responses persisted during TRPA1 blockade. In vivo, oral AITC at 15 mg/kg raised GLP-1 even in Trpa1-null mice; lower doses did not significantly increase it. Capsaicin did not increase secretion in the tested cultures. These findings constrain a proposed allicin–TRPA1–GLP-1 connection, but they do not demonstrate it. AITC is not allicin. [Emery 2015](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4375100/)","model_system":"Mouse oral AITC 15 mg/kg; plasma measurement at five minutes.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_recorded","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. Not a verbatim quotation from a primary paper.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"10820a6b-594a-547d-97f9-906ab4cc1d6e","stable_key":"import-c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8","title":"Allicin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 5 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication.","file_path":"","sha256":"2475d3eb681100a0a34577a47b7cba5b251df866fbd6ce795122ccabee360018","revision_id":"590df96d-2ed1-5763-b04c-bf0e096e603c","review_status":"source_recorded","notes":""}}],"relations":[{"id":"70bd9e4b-c812-53c6-8aa8-0ce51e0d96f8","relation_type":"limits_translation_of","notes":"In vivo AITC response persisted without Trpa1; neither experiment tests allicin.","source_claim_id":"f1fa756f-9f1a-5b79-8786-13234b8553c3","source_claim_key":"c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8:aitc-knockout-invivo","source_statement":"Oral AITC raised GLP-1 in both wild-type and Trpa1-null mice; the response was not reduced by Trpa1 loss.","target_claim_id":"2c9ab6af-95e7-5862-8615-1168a91897c9","target_claim_key":"c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8:glp1-comparator-allyl-isothiocyanate","target_statement":"The tested TRPA1 agonist allyl-isothiocyanate increased GLP-1 secretion in mouse intestinal cultures."}],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}