{"id":"f00bb6ee-5750-551d-9e80-b4688616624b","stable_key":"c8c7aa13-14c6-5f5c-9afc-9217d0f2f736:hfcs-intestinal-clearance","predicate":"undergoes_first_pass_clearance","statement":"Low-dose oral fructose was approximately 90% cleared by the small intestine in the mouse tracer experiment.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"b990c58e-738e-533b-a5a4-eed0bcb700e6","mechanism_event_label":"Low-dose oral fructose was approximately 90% cleared by the small intestine in the mouse tracer experiment.","subject":{"id":"3c379840-5688-5b5d-84c0-5950b4fd8f17","slug":"fructose","display_name":"Fructose","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"f6bcc393-7331-5f2f-923e-0eff61586498","slug":"mouse-intestinal-fructose-clearance","display_name":"Mouse small-intestinal fructose clearance","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"b990c58e-738e-533b-a5a4-eed0bcb700e6","stable_key":"c8c7aa13-14c6-5f5c-9afc-9217d0f2f736:hfcs-intestinal-clearance-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Low-dose oral fructose was approximately 90% cleared by the small intestine in the mouse tracer experiment.","description":"Low-dose oral fructose was approximately 90% cleared by the small intestine in the mouse tracer experiment.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"3c379840-5688-5b5d-84c0-5950b4fd8f17","slug":"fructose","display_name":"Fructose","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"f6bcc393-7331-5f2f-923e-0eff61586498","slug":"mouse-intestinal-fructose-clearance","display_name":"Mouse small-intestinal fructose clearance","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"8ae7848b-f172-5e09-8acf-5ca914907b0b","slug":"glucose","display_name":"D-glucose","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"dose","value_text":"1:1 fructose/glucose gavage, typically 0.5 g/kg each; dose series 0.25-2 g/kg each","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"Acute tracing; knockout portal AUC 0-30 min","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full-text methods/results and metadata inspected.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_scope","value_text":"literature_reviewed; source-specific curation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Male C57BL/6 mice, with Khk knockout comparisons","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure_scope","value_text":"Component mixture","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Approximately 90% low-dose clearance is a mouse result, not an established human percentage. Fasting, feeding and prior exposure change clearance.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"HFCS chapter: actual formulation studies, component biochemistry and interventions are explicitly distinguished.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"high-fructose-corn-syrup","display_name":"High-Fructose Corn Syrup / HFCS","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Male C57BL/6 mice, with Khk knockout comparisons","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Low-dose oral fructose was approximately 90% cleared by the small intestine in the mouse tracer experiment.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"The Small Intestine Converts Dietary Fructose into Glucose and Organic Acids. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29414685/ DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.12.016","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"route","value_text":"Oral gavage with isotope tracers","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue","value_text":"Small intestine, portal blood and liver","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"12fe8326-12ea-5ea4-b438-59222f375f40","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 137-147","start_line":137,"end_line":147,"excerpt":"## hfcs-intestinal-clearance\nLow-dose oral fructose was approximately 90% cleared by the small intestine in the mouse tracer experiment.\nModel/species: Male C57BL/6 mice, with Khk knockout comparisons\nTissue: Small intestine, portal blood and liver\nExposure: 1:1 fructose/glucose gavage, typically 0.5 g/kg each; dose series 0.25-2 g/kg each\nRoute: Oral gavage with isotope tracers\nDuration: Acute tracing; knockout portal AUC 0-30 min\nExposure scope: Component mixture\nLimits: Approximately 90% low-dose clearance is a mouse result, not an established human percentage. Fasting, feeding and prior exposure change clearance.\nReference: The Small Intestine Converts Dietary Fructose into Glucose and Organic Acids. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29414685/ DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.12.016\nAccess: Primary full-text methods/results and metadata inspected.","model_system":"Male C57BL/6 mice, with Khk knockout comparisons","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact original curation span, not a publisher quotation; provenance retained.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"e863ddf6-7c1e-5a70-8335-7f3ac3eeee92","stable_key":"import-c8c7aa13-14c6-5f5c-9afc-9217d0f2f736","title":"High-Fructose Corn Syrup: mechanism of action and metabolic impact (2026-09-20)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted curation of twenty primary studies and official FDA composition information, with one reused canonical glucose-transport claim. Study-specific citations, negative findings and limitations retained. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"f4721923a83b368d549ba110a4f8c8738026210b32f6d29f3bd3200aa420f3b3","revision_id":"45827d73-cb6d-5aff-969b-af364b74b168","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}