{"id":"ef77689e-eef0-589a-a1c8-4bac154518d4","stable_key":"a8bedee0-a740-5bbb-921e-bfd144c7b68c:astaxanthin-digestion-free-form","predicate":"digestion_yields_micellar","statement":"After simulated digestion of ester-rich supplements and krill oil, more than 95% of astaxanthin recovered in mixed micelles was unesterified.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"6fe5c5ef-d3aa-50a5-a582-172a69cb6165","mechanism_event_label":"The form swallowed can differ from the form presented to intestinal cells.","subject":{"id":"f3ea7e1f-ece0-5f93-8689-7bdfcced3b15","slug":"astaxanthin-fatty-acid-esters","display_name":"Astaxanthin fatty-acid esters; ester composition specified","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"1bf8b9c0-9c38-5c8a-b5da-f00b0eeca36f","slug":"astaxanthin","display_name":"Astaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"6fe5c5ef-d3aa-50a5-a582-172a69cb6165","stable_key":"a8bedee0-a740-5bbb-921e-bfd144c7b68c:astaxanthin-digestion-free-form-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"The form swallowed can differ from the form presented to intestinal cells.","description":"After simulated digestion of ester-rich supplements and krill oil, more than 95% of astaxanthin recovered in mixed micelles was unesterified.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"f3ea7e1f-ece0-5f93-8689-7bdfcced3b15","slug":"astaxanthin-fatty-acid-esters","display_name":"Astaxanthin fatty-acid esters; ester composition specified","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"1bf8b9c0-9c38-5c8a-b5da-f00b0eeca36f","slug":"astaxanthin","display_name":"Astaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"aa45fd37-0168-5b08-8601-6df6abcd74b6","slug":"astaxanthin-micellarization","display_name":"Astaxanthin transfer into digestive mixed micelles","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Simulated digestion and Caco-2 experiments.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Micellar composition does not identify the responsible hydrolase or measure human systemic absorption.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Astaxanthin collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"astaxanthin","display_name":"Astaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The form swallowed can differ from the form presented to intestinal cells.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Bioaccessibility and intestinal cell uptake of astaxanthin from salmon and commercial supplements. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28847430/ · DOI 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.10.010","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"a2c41d18-e1d0-5a72-91c6-42c10f0652e3","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 38-44","start_line":38,"end_line":44,"excerpt":"## astaxanthin-digestion-free-form\nThe form swallowed can differ from the form presented to intestinal cells.\nAfter simulated digestion of ester-rich supplements and krill oil, more than 95% of astaxanthin recovered in mixed micelles was unesterified.\nModel: Simulated digestion and Caco-2 experiments.\nLimitations: Micellar composition does not identify the responsible hydrolase or measure human systemic absorption.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nBioaccessibility and intestinal cell uptake of astaxanthin from salmon and commercial supplements. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28847430/ · DOI 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.10.010","model_system":"Simulated digestion and Caco-2 experiments.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"4fd91ea6-78b4-5bfe-93e3-686fbef9f678","stable_key":"import-a8bedee0-a740-5bbb-921e-bfd144c7b68c","title":"Astaxanthin: transport, membrane chemistry, signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"98640e32f62e6c0387578165342ad21b3d2325701fcfdbb5c48886c783040e5e","revision_id":"a82757ce-1feb-582c-a5fc-f7de36308f1f","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}