{"id":"ee41c5e6-2c9f-577c-90b7-da89bdfaaa4e","stable_key":"44737fa3-b335-53f4-a644-b9878d4416ac:creatine-carbohydrate-retention","predicate":"with_carbohydrate_increased","statement":"The increase in muscle total creatine was 60% greater with carbohydrate plus creatine than with creatine alone; urinary creatine loss was lower.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"1c7b982a-69a0-505b-a58a-60ac4e95af18","mechanism_event_label":"Carbohydrate changed creatine retention under this loading protocol.","subject":{"id":"9f5df558-ed3d-5cda-b5ca-0f90f7aa6a8c","slug":"creatine","display_name":"Creatine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"3967d176-4a04-5f81-b264-b57cd5114890","slug":"muscle-total-creatine","display_name":"Skeletal-muscle total creatine content","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"1c7b982a-69a0-505b-a58a-60ac4e95af18","stable_key":"44737fa3-b335-53f4-a644-b9878d4416ac:creatine-carbohydrate-retention-event","event_type":"observed_intervention","label":"Carbohydrate changed creatine retention under this loading protocol.","description":"The increase in muscle total creatine was 60% greater with carbohydrate plus creatine than with creatine alone; urinary creatine loss was lower.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"8ae7848b-f172-5e09-8acf-5ca914907b0b","slug":"glucose","display_name":"D-glucose","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"carbohydrate_context","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"9f5df558-ed3d-5cda-b5ca-0f90f7aa6a8c","slug":"creatine","display_name":"Creatine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"3967d176-4a04-5f81-b264-b57cd5114890","slug":"muscle-total-creatine","display_name":"Skeletal-muscle total creatine content","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/creatine-research/8944667.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"bb8718a42f8bcb978e6cb3ec9bed92cb32b819ec2874ed111b82ff7b1bddd270\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1014, \"text_sha256\": \"bb8718a42f8bcb978e6cb3ec9bed92cb32b819ec2874ed111b82ff7b1bddd270\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Controlled supplementation and muscle biopsy","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"5 g creatine alone or followed by 93 g simple carbohydrate, four times daily for five days","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Large carbohydrate exposure; increased insulin was measured, but mediation was an interpretation. Not a suggested intake regimen.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Creatine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"creatine","display_name":"Creatine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"24 male participants","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Carbohydrate changed creatine retention under this loading protocol.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[creatine-p8944667] Carbohydrate ingestion augments skeletal muscle creatine accumulation during creatine supplementation in humans. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8944667/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1996.271.5.e821","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Skeletal muscle, urine and serum","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"b4c78dbc-f850-57c4-846c-3035901f1cc5","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 425-436","start_line":425,"end_line":436,"excerpt":"### creatine-carbohydrate-retention\nThe increase in muscle total creatine was 60% greater with carbohydrate plus creatine than with creatine alone; urinary creatine loss was lower.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Creatine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: Carbohydrate changed creatine retention under this loading protocol.\norganism: 24 male participants\ntissue_or_cell_type: Skeletal muscle, urine and serum\nexperimental_model: Controlled supplementation and muscle biopsy\nlimitations: Large carbohydrate exposure; increased insulin was measured, but mediation was an interpretation. Not a suggested intake regimen.\nexposure: 5 g creatine alone or followed by 93 g simple carbohydrate, four times daily for five days\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/creatine-research/8944667.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"bb8718a42f8bcb978e6cb3ec9bed92cb32b819ec2874ed111b82ff7b1bddd270\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1014, \"text_sha256\": \"bb8718a42f8bcb978e6cb3ec9bed92cb32b819ec2874ed111b82ff7b1bddd270\"}\n[creatine-p8944667] Carbohydrate ingestion augments skeletal muscle creatine accumulation during creatine supplementation in humans. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8944667/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1996.271.5.e821","model_system":"Controlled supplementation and muscle biopsy","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [creatine-p8944667] Carbohydrate ingestion augments skeletal muscle creatine accumulation during creatine supplementation in humans. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8944667/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1996.271.5.e821","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"70358046-c5c3-5e9a-9fc9-eb01c3fff88b","stable_key":"import-44737fa3-b335-53f4-a644-b9878d4416ac","title":"Creatine: synthesis, transport, phosphocreatine energetics and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"548237d3e98a73a7dc02181807921fdd8b902adcee46248792258a761593eda9","revision_id":"88738255-8028-52fb-9c12-0fe92d8ce367","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}