{"id":"ec31462e-30bc-5554-b51e-7306f1450eb2","stable_key":"6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc:l-carnitine-brain-acetylation","predicate":"increases","statement":"Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment increased Grm2-associated H3K27 acetylation and mGlu2 expression in Flinders Sensitive Line rats.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"6e0fb524-c671-5d8e-b378-f28b16bdb6d2","mechanism_event_label":"The acetylated form altered a glutamate-signaling pathway in a rodent model.","subject":{"id":"5ce394a9-6ec6-56dd-866f-37d85c0556e4","slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"bb1f5a9b-81a5-5411-a3d7-2a3667b2eb74","slug":"rat-grm2-promoter-acetylation","display_name":"Rat hippocampal and prefrontal Grm2-associated acetylation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"6e0fb524-c671-5d8e-b378-f28b16bdb6d2","stable_key":"6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc:l-carnitine-brain-acetylation-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"The acetylated form altered a glutamate-signaling pathway in a rodent model.","description":"Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment increased Grm2-associated H3K27 acetylation and mGlu2 expression in Flinders Sensitive Line rats.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"5ce394a9-6ec6-56dd-866f-37d85c0556e4","slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"bb1f5a9b-81a5-5411-a3d7-2a3667b2eb74","slug":"rat-grm2-promoter-acetylation","display_name":"Rat hippocampal and prefrontal Grm2-associated acetylation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"1dd1a4e1-dc80-5297-8b76-98652b5150ce","slug":"rat-grm2","display_name":"Rat metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 / Grm2","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"6e34c035-9371-578f-b799-fd2a14e9e40f","slug":"l-carnitine","display_name":"L-Carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Rat depression-model hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Histone acetylation differs from DNA methylation; this is not proof of human antidepressant efficacy.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"L-Carnitine collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"l-carnitine","display_name":"L-Carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The acetylated form altered a glutamate-signaling pathway in a rodent model.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"L-acetylcarnitine causes rapid antidepressant effects through the epigenetic induction of mGlu2 receptors. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23382250/ · DOI 10.1073/pnas.1216100110","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"9dc62ba1-14ba-5648-ba5c-887513b95a6d","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 314-320","start_line":314,"end_line":320,"excerpt":"## l-carnitine-brain-acetylation\nThe acetylated form altered a glutamate-signaling pathway in a rodent model.\nAcetyl-L-carnitine treatment increased Grm2-associated H3K27 acetylation and mGlu2 expression in Flinders Sensitive Line rats.\nModel: Rat depression-model hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.\nLimitations: Histone acetylation differs from DNA methylation; this is not proof of human antidepressant efficacy.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nL-acetylcarnitine causes rapid antidepressant effects through the epigenetic induction of mGlu2 receptors. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23382250/ · DOI 10.1073/pnas.1216100110","model_system":"Rat depression-model hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"e2c9c42b-806a-55e2-abde-b0320ea94704","stable_key":"import-6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc","title":"L-Carnitine: synthesis, acyl-group transport, fuel selection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. 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