{"id":"e91f5ae5-af22-52c3-bd26-d2536f05974a","stable_key":"d2e91bc7-8177-5ad3-ad9b-5d65813ce082:naringenin-rifaximin-effect","predicate":"reduces","statement":"Five days of rifaximin reduced colonic naringenin permeability and lowered luminal 4-hydroxyhippuric and hippuric acids in mice.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"40c7a013-46df-5a1d-8e0c-9199d301dc9d","mechanism_event_label":"Five days of rifaximin reduced colonic naringenin permeability and lowered luminal 4-hydroxyhippuric and hippuric acids in mice.","subject":{"id":"983a802e-3f56-58bf-9869-af361582997f","slug":"rifaximin","display_name":"Rifaximin","entity_type_key":"drug"},"object":{"id":"38cb2600-65bd-5fdc-b640-9061393e128e","slug":"mouse-colonic-naringenin-permeability","display_name":"Mouse colonic naringenin permeability","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"40c7a013-46df-5a1d-8e0c-9199d301dc9d","stable_key":"d2e91bc7-8177-5ad3-ad9b-5d65813ce082:naringenin-rifaximin-effect-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Five days of rifaximin reduced colonic naringenin permeability and lowered luminal 4-hydroxyhippuric and hippuric acids in mice.","description":"Five days of rifaximin reduced colonic naringenin permeability and lowered luminal 4-hydroxyhippuric and hippuric acids in mice.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"983a802e-3f56-58bf-9869-af361582997f","slug":"rifaximin","display_name":"Rifaximin","entity_type_key":"drug"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"38cb2600-65bd-5fdc-b640-9061393e128e","slug":"mouse-colonic-naringenin-permeability","display_name":"Mouse colonic naringenin permeability","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"2a9350f6-01cc-5bea-8213-cd3ebb1b05cf","slug":"naringenin","display_name":"Naringenin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"dose","value_text":"Rifaximin 50 mg/kg/day for 5 days; naringenin 3.5 micrograms/mL","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"5 days plus 60-minute perfusion","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_scope","value_text":"literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Mice undergoing colonic perfusion","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"The antibiotic changes multiple microbial and host processes; this does not support using rifaximin to control naringenin exposure.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Naringenin chapter; interacting nutrients, drugs, peptides and proteins retain their experimental settings.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"naringenin","display_name":"Naringenin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Mice undergoing colonic perfusion","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Five days of rifaximin reduced colonic naringenin permeability and lowered luminal 4-hydroxyhippuric and hippuric acids in mice.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"High gastrointestinal permeability and local metabolism of naringenin: influence of antibiotic treatment on absorption and metabolism. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26083965/ DOI: 10.1017/S0007114515001671","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"route","value_text":"Oral pretreatment and in-situ perfusion","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue","value_text":"Antibiotic perturbation of absorption and microbial products","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"4479627f-1054-5509-8f7f-fd9b015a8232","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 55-64","start_line":55,"end_line":64,"excerpt":"## naringenin-rifaximin-effect\nFive days of rifaximin reduced colonic naringenin permeability and lowered luminal 4-hydroxyhippuric and hippuric acids in mice.\nModel/species: Mice undergoing colonic perfusion\nTissue/system: Antibiotic perturbation of absorption and microbial products\nExposure: Rifaximin 50 mg/kg/day for 5 days; naringenin 3.5 micrograms/mL\nRoute: Oral pretreatment and in-situ perfusion\nDuration: 5 days plus 60-minute perfusion\nLimits: The antibiotic changes multiple microbial and host processes; this does not support using rifaximin to control naringenin exposure.\nPrimary reference: High gastrointestinal permeability and local metabolism of naringenin: influence of antibiotic treatment on absorption and metabolism. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26083965/ DOI: 10.1017/S0007114515001671\nAccess: Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.","model_system":"Mice undergoing colonic perfusion","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact original curation span with primary citation; not a publisher quotation.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"2804932d-46eb-5c43-8a45-0505e6b1ee05","stable_key":"import-d2e91bc7-8177-5ad3-ad9b-5d65813ce082","title":"Naringenin: mechanism of action and interactions (2026-09-20)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted source-specific curation with primary-study citations, model, exposure, route, duration, negative findings and limitations preserved. 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