{"id":"e6a71ea4-ba4d-5400-912a-d0ca762ea1e0","stable_key":"6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc:l-carnitine-mouse-atheroma-increase","predicate":"increases_conditionally","statement":"Chronic dietary carnitine increased atherosclerosis in the studied mice; concurrent microbial suppression prevented that increase.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"6bbdd9b0-a915-59ff-8e49-a63e918e880c","mechanism_event_label":"One mouse study linked carnitine metabolism to more arterial lesions.","subject":{"id":"6e34c035-9371-578f-b799-fd2a14e9e40f","slug":"l-carnitine","display_name":"L-Carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"3390c1b9-2d63-5323-860c-307e360d6cb7","slug":"mouse-carnitine-atheroma","display_name":"Mouse atherosclerotic lesions during carnitine exposure, model specified","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"6bbdd9b0-a915-59ff-8e49-a63e918e880c","stable_key":"6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc:l-carnitine-mouse-atheroma-increase-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"One mouse study linked carnitine metabolism to more arterial lesions.","description":"Chronic dietary carnitine increased atherosclerosis in the studied mice; concurrent microbial suppression prevented that increase.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"6e34c035-9371-578f-b799-fd2a14e9e40f","slug":"l-carnitine","display_name":"L-Carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"3390c1b9-2d63-5323-860c-307e360d6cb7","slug":"mouse-carnitine-atheroma","display_name":"Mouse atherosclerotic lesions during carnitine exposure, model specified","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"8b3c1617-bb80-5858-bde0-65e139efbc68","slug":"trimethylamine-n-oxide","display_name":"Trimethylamine N-oxide / TMAO","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Atherosclerosis-prone mice; dietary intervention with microbiota suppression comparison.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Human cohort associations in the same paper are not randomized supplement effects.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"L-Carnitine collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"l-carnitine","display_name":"L-Carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"One mouse study linked carnitine metabolism to more arterial lesions.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23563705/ · DOI 10.1038/nm.3145","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"c66bcdba-cba4-557c-84da-e4a2108dfded","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 410-416","start_line":410,"end_line":416,"excerpt":"## l-carnitine-mouse-atheroma-increase\nOne mouse study linked carnitine metabolism to more arterial lesions.\nChronic dietary carnitine increased atherosclerosis in the studied mice; concurrent microbial suppression prevented that increase.\nModel: Atherosclerosis-prone mice; dietary intervention with microbiota suppression comparison.\nLimitations: Human cohort associations in the same paper are not randomized supplement effects.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nIntestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23563705/ · DOI 10.1038/nm.3145","model_system":"Atherosclerosis-prone mice; dietary intervention with microbiota suppression comparison.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"e2c9c42b-806a-55e2-abde-b0320ea94704","stable_key":"import-6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc","title":"L-Carnitine: synthesis, acyl-group transport, fuel selection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"6fcd86d9d02babb48b2ce658d506afe84580ad4b242f93f11f742d934fa5b361","revision_id":"398e3b52-45bc-52e3-891e-656c19ca674f","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[{"id":"528e2b83-c3f9-537d-b2c2-dc4f2c7b8f3b","title":"Carnitine-derived TMAO and mouse atherosclerosis: adverse versus inverse relationships","kind":"contradiction","status":"open","why":"A carnitine/microbiota intervention increased lesions in one mouse study, whereas a later hCETP-expressing ApoE-null model found higher TMAO associated with smaller lesions. The papers support opposing interpretations of a universal proatherogenic TMAO relationship, but the second result is a correlation in a different model.","resolution":"Unresolved across models. Preserve intervention versus correlation, genotype/CETP, sex, microbiota and methimazole context. These are candidate explanations, not established reconciliation; neither paper proves the direction of human supplement risk.","created_at":"2026-09-19 04:50:40","record_type":"conflict","display_label":"Recorded conflict","record_url":"/conflicts/528e2b83-c3f9-537d-b2c2-dc4f2c7b8f3b","sides":[{"conflict_id":"528e2b83-c3f9-537d-b2c2-dc4f2c7b8f3b","ordinal":0,"label":"Microbiota-dependent lesion increase","revision_id":"398e3b52-45bc-52e3-891e-656c19ca674f","start_line":410,"end_line":416,"quote":"## l-carnitine-mouse-atheroma-increase\nOne mouse study linked carnitine metabolism to more arterial lesions.\nChronic dietary carnitine increased atherosclerosis in the studied mice; concurrent microbial suppression prevented that increase.\nModel: Atherosclerosis-prone mice; dietary intervention with microbiota suppression comparison.\nLimitations: Human cohort associations in the same paper are not randomized supplement effects.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nIntestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23563705/ · DOI 10.1038/nm.3145","source_key":"import-6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc","source_title":"L-Carnitine: synthesis, acyl-group transport, fuel selection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","claim_ids":["e6a71ea4-ba4d-5400-912a-d0ca762ea1e0"]},{"conflict_id":"528e2b83-c3f9-537d-b2c2-dc4f2c7b8f3b","ordinal":1,"label":"Inverse TMAO-lesion association in hCETP model","revision_id":"398e3b52-45bc-52e3-891e-656c19ca674f","start_line":418,"end_line":424,"quote":"## l-carnitine-mouse-atheroma-inverse\nAnother mouse model did not show the same adverse relationship.\nIn male ApoE-null mice expressing human CETP, carnitine raised TMAO but higher TMAO correlated with smaller aortic lesions across treatment groups.\nModel: Twelve-week carnitine and/or methimazole study; hCETP-expressing ApoE-null mice.\nLimitations: The inverse correlation does not establish TMAO protection; genotype, sex and co-treatment differ.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nL-Carnitine intake and high trimethylamine N-oxide plasma levels correlate with low aortic lesions in ApoE(-/-) transgenic mice expressing CETP. · 2016 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26584136/ · DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.108","source_key":"import-6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc","source_title":"L-Carnitine: synthesis, acyl-group transport, fuel selection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","claim_ids":["49cb4af5-44e0-547d-81e5-43058404f710"]}]}],"corrections":[],"research":null}