{"id":"e5f068ce-830c-5c69-9ea1-9eb64080a9ea","stable_key":"4d8e4781-3878-5818-8d0a-7dbd6e024555:chromium-magnesium-gsk3-transcript","predicate":"with_magnesium_reduces_transcript_for","statement":"GSK3β mRNA decreased 2.2-fold from baseline in activated T lymphocytes in the combined-treatment group.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"d80450d4-fbed-5ca0-9788-d38d11968f33","mechanism_event_label":"A separate regulator of insulin-related metabolism showed lower gene expression in those immune cells.","subject":{"id":"1d98d864-31cb-5d4f-a587-2b0eb692faa0","slug":"chromium","display_name":"Chromium","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"},"object":{"id":"9fe71ad0-5696-5db1-b0a6-082cdb115a28","slug":"gsk3b","display_name":"Human glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta / GSK3B","entity_type_key":"protein"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"d80450d4-fbed-5ca0-9788-d38d11968f33","stable_key":"4d8e4781-3878-5818-8d0a-7dbd6e024555:chromium-magnesium-gsk3-transcript-event","event_type":"observed_intervention","label":"A separate regulator of insulin-related metabolism showed lower gene expression in those immune cells.","description":"GSK3β mRNA decreased 2.2-fold from baseline in activated T lymphocytes in the combined-treatment group.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"1f0c42f0-eaf3-5b86-966d-7ffc8a84872b","slug":"magnesium","display_name":"Magnesium","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"},"role":"co_intervention","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"1d98d864-31cb-5d4f-a587-2b0eb692faa0","slug":"chromium","display_name":"Chromium","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"9fe71ad0-5696-5db1-b0a6-082cdb115a28","slug":"gsk3b","display_name":"Human glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta / GSK3B","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/chromium-research/27702717.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"5a066f8a51a4f0d4b33648166fc5bae559c5132e1ae35d65347c178359447d7e\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1556, \"text_sha256\": \"5a066f8a51a4f0d4b33648166fc5bae559c5132e1ae35d65347c178359447d7e\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Four-arm randomized supplementation study; 120 insulin-resistant adults","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Three months: chromium 160 µg/day, magnesium 200 mg/day, both, or placebo","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"The abstract principally reports within-group changes, which alone do not establish a between-group interaction. T-lymphocyte mRNA is not skeletal-muscle transporter activity. Possible participant overlap with later reports is not resolved.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"chromium","display_name":"Chromium","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Human","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"A separate regulator of insulin-related metabolism showed lower gene expression in those immune cells.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[chromium-p27702717] Combined chromium and magnesium decreases insulin resistance more effectively than either alone. (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27702717/ DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.092015.48","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Blood measures and activated T lymphocytes","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"98d32b8a-d194-5446-af87-3ea1031c629e","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 588-599","start_line":588,"end_line":599,"excerpt":"### chromium-magnesium-gsk3-transcript\nGSK3β mRNA decreased 2.2-fold from baseline in activated T lymphocytes in the combined-treatment group.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: A separate regulator of insulin-related metabolism showed lower gene expression in those immune cells.\norganism: Human\ntissue_or_cell_type: Blood measures and activated T lymphocytes\nexperimental_model: Four-arm randomized supplementation study; 120 insulin-resistant adults\nlimitations: The abstract principally reports within-group changes, which alone do not establish a between-group interaction. T-lymphocyte mRNA is not skeletal-muscle transporter activity. Possible participant overlap with later reports is not resolved.\nexposure: Three months: chromium 160 µg/day, magnesium 200 mg/day, both, or placebo\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/chromium-research/27702717.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"5a066f8a51a4f0d4b33648166fc5bae559c5132e1ae35d65347c178359447d7e\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1556, \"text_sha256\": \"5a066f8a51a4f0d4b33648166fc5bae559c5132e1ae35d65347c178359447d7e\"}\n[chromium-p27702717] Combined chromium and magnesium decreases insulin resistance more effectively than either alone. 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