{"id":"e1016a24-dfe0-5a5a-a5c4-71d3a94d18de","stable_key":"cab605fe-8a82-5191-9966-d19a9628c24c:betalains-beetroot-nox-separate","predicate":"increases","statement":"Plasma NOx remained elevated for 8 h after beetroot juice and 5 h after whole beetroot despite undetectable plasma betanin.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"9d85e5f3-43a6-5c15-abd5-b67837c69bb7","mechanism_event_label":"Plasma NOx remained elevated for 8 h after beetroot juice and 5 h after whole beetroot despite undetectable plasma betanin.","subject":{"id":"54fd139e-8892-5769-88dd-221c45498905","slug":"beetroot-2017-pk-preparations","display_name":"Beetroot juice and whole beetroot in the 2017 pharmacokinetic study","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"65ec7887-aa5f-5bb5-81c9-755b35993026","slug":"human-plasma-nox-beetroot-pk","display_name":"Plasma NOx in the beetroot pharmacokinetic study","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"9d85e5f3-43a6-5c15-abd5-b67837c69bb7","stable_key":"cab605fe-8a82-5191-9966-d19a9628c24c:betalains-beetroot-nox-separate-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Plasma NOx remained elevated for 8 h after beetroot juice and 5 h after whole beetroot despite undetectable plasma betanin.","description":"Plasma NOx remained elevated for 8 h after beetroot juice and 5 h after whole beetroot despite undetectable plasma betanin.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"54fd139e-8892-5769-88dd-221c45498905","slug":"beetroot-2017-pk-preparations","display_name":"Beetroot juice and whole beetroot in the 2017 pharmacokinetic study","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"65ec7887-aa5f-5bb5-81c9-755b35993026","slug":"human-plasma-nox-beetroot-pk","display_name":"Plasma NOx in the beetroot pharmacokinetic study","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"9ec2c9b8-c1c2-53e5-8e72-6a88638b814e","slug":"nitrate-ion","display_name":"Nitrate ion","entity_type_key":"ion"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"03ffed32-aa18-5d63-96a4-8a7ebedaf7a9","slug":"nitrite","display_name":"Nitrite / NO2(-)","entity_type_key":"ion"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"dose","value_text":"250 mL beetroot juice or 300 g whole beetroot versus placebo","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"Baseline and 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 h","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary PubMed abstract; detailed exposure for PMID 23931157 additionally checked in publisher results. No uninspected full text is claimed.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_scope","value_text":"literature_reviewed; source-derived curation, not universally established human effects","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Ten healthy men in a randomized crossover study","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"An undetectable parent compound is not proof of zero absorption. Food matrix, degradation and analytical methods differ from the cactus pear study. NOx is not itself a measurement of a betanin mechanism. Mixed-food nitrate-related observation; not a claim that betalains generate NO or mediate nitrate-associated performance effects.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Betalains collection; each molecular form, species, exposure and preparation remains explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"betalains","display_name":"Betalains","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Ten healthy men in a randomized crossover study","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Plasma NOx remained elevated for 8 h after beetroot juice and 5 h after whole beetroot despite undetectable plasma betanin.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"The plasma bioavailability of nitrate and betanin from Beta vulgaris rubra in humans. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26873098/ DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1173-5","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"route","value_text":"Oral food/drink","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue","value_text":"Venous plasma","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"60b9dec5-f7cc-5682-a744-be86fdb55d6d","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 537-545","start_line":537,"end_line":545,"excerpt":"## betalains-beetroot-nox-separate\nPlasma NOx remained elevated for 8 h after beetroot juice and 5 h after whole beetroot despite undetectable plasma betanin.\nModel/species: Ten healthy men in a randomized crossover study\nTissue: Venous plasma\nExposure: 250 mL beetroot juice or 300 g whole beetroot versus placebo\nRoute: Oral food/drink\nDuration: Baseline and 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 h\nLimits: An undetectable parent compound is not proof of zero absorption. Food matrix, degradation and analytical methods differ from the cactus pear study. NOx is not itself a measurement of a betanin mechanism. Mixed-food nitrate-related observation; not a claim that betalains generate NO or mediate nitrate-associated performance effects.\nPrimary reference: The plasma bioavailability of nitrate and betanin from Beta vulgaris rubra in humans. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26873098/ DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1173-5","model_system":"Ten healthy men in a randomized crossover study","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact archived curation span; an original paraphrase with an individually identified primary reference.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"be94d093-444c-5729-8831-bc33b0ef2fd7","stable_key":"import-cab605fe-8a82-5191-9966-d19a9628c24c","title":"Betalains: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted curation of twelve primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"adb4fb8586481a69da5d2fe5cf62ad1dae2509af524352673fc7427123eeda87","revision_id":"a328b3f9-66d2-59e2-bd8f-de651c3c7649","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}