{"id":"e09297c0-12bf-58d6-908d-b683fd75db34","stable_key":"35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769:isotope-recovery","predicate":"reported_relationship","statement":"After 500 mg labeled C3G in eight men, urine plus breath contained 12.38% of administered label over 48 hours; this is not intact C3G recovery.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"neutral","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"c516b69b-e737-5b6b-8263-321a94b83848","mechanism_event_label":"After 500 mg labeled C3G in eight men, urine plus breath contained 12.38% of administered label over 48 hours; this is not intact C3G recovery.","subject":{"id":"75149db0-02f7-5d32-8c7a-5c111d90d8ee","slug":"cyanidin-3-glucoside","display_name":"Cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"ed039e9a-6c85-5d88-b307-54986d49d413","slug":"human-labeled-c3g-recovery","display_name":"Recovery of orally administered C3G-derived isotope in human urine and breath","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"c516b69b-e737-5b6b-8263-321a94b83848","stable_key":"35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769:isotope-recovery-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"After 500 mg labeled C3G in eight men, urine plus breath contained 12.38% of administered label over 48 hours; this is not intact C3G recovery.","description":"**Tracer recovery is not intact-pigment bioavailability.** Eight men received 500 mg of isotopically labeled cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), with sampling over 48 hours. The reported 12.38 ± 1.38% relative bioavailability comprised labeled carbon recovered in urine and breath: 5.37 ± 0.67% and 6.91 ± 1.59%, respectively. It is not 12.38% intact C3G, nor 12.38% pharmacologically active material. Combined labeled serum metabolites peaked at approximately 5.97 µM around 10.25 hours. Low urinary recovery of unchanged pigment cannot quantify total absorption. [Czank et al., 2013](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23604435/).","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"75149db0-02f7-5d32-8c7a-5c111d90d8ee","slug":"cyanidin-3-glucoside","display_name":"Cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"as reported","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"ed039e9a-6c85-5d88-b307-54986d49d413","slug":"human-labeled-c3g-recovery","display_name":"Recovery of orally administered C3G-derived isotope in human urine and breath","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"not_reported","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"a1b1c9c3-cafe-5dd6-a590-f56222d3a4cc","slug":"anthocyanins","display_name":"Anthocyanins","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"parent chemical class, not a second intervention","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary indexed abstract reviewed; full methods, figures, exact doses or endpoint-specific species assignments may remain unextracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Eight healthy men, single oral 500 mg 13C5-C3G, 48-hour sampling.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Interpret only within the recorded preparation, exposure and comparator. The complete source passage retains qualifications; unspecified doses/timing have not been extracted here. No clinical efficacy, nutrient deficiency or unique molecular mediation is inferred.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"After 500 mg labeled C3G in eight men, urine plus breath contained 12.38% of administered label over 48 hours; this is not intact C3G recovery.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Human metabolism and elimination of the anthocyanin, cyanidin-3-glucoside: a (13)C-tracer study. | 2013 | DOI 10.3945/ajcn.112.049247 | PMID 23604435 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23604435/ | https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.049247","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 17-17; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"ecc53527-870e-5a52-b120-7f6355f3cbbc","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 17-17","start_line":17,"end_line":17,"excerpt":"**Tracer recovery is not intact-pigment bioavailability.** Eight men received 500 mg of isotopically labeled cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), with sampling over 48 hours. The reported 12.38 ± 1.38% relative bioavailability comprised labeled carbon recovered in urine and breath: 5.37 ± 0.67% and 6.91 ± 1.59%, respectively. It is not 12.38% intact C3G, nor 12.38% pharmacologically active material. Combined labeled serum metabolites peaked at approximately 5.97 µM around 10.25 hours. Low urinary recovery of unchanged pigment cannot quantify total absorption. [Czank et al., 2013](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23604435/).","model_system":"Eight healthy men, single oral 500 mg 13C5-C3G, 48-hour sampling.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. Not a verbatim quotation from a primary paper.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"b08e7f7d-4d34-56d7-a185-2124f8d72b3c","stable_key":"import-35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769","title":"Anthocyanins: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 4 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication.","file_path":"","sha256":"7cff1a47fbd9c625412b84162b1c823004b4162b7c009f9a11d5807fb8e04ef9","revision_id":"1bd4fa42-bfeb-5148-8250-fc363d8c1de0","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}