{"id":"dff9b7f3-a9d5-5535-b945-f91e9a8e45b1","stable_key":"6660bba2-4fa0-590a-bf52-9803a24bea9f:glu-high","predicate":"context_dependent_observation","statement":"At 300 mg/kg, modafinil increased striatal glutamate but not pallidal glutamate; substantia nigra had another response pattern.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_recorded","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"41adb5b1-e8ad-5e04-b20e-c41b0dbc401d","mechanism_event_label":"At 300 mg/kg, modafinil increased striatal glutamate but not pallidal glutamate; substantia nigra had another response pattern.","subject":{"id":"624e6a4b-f96d-5d12-8206-30d1e1715c26","slug":"modafinil","display_name":"Modafinil","entity_type_key":"drug"},"object":{"id":"98e7b636-052e-5eb5-881d-732b385af2b3","slug":"rat-glutamate-extracellular","display_name":"Rat regional extracellular glutamate","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"41adb5b1-e8ad-5e04-b20e-c41b0dbc401d","stable_key":"6660bba2-4fa0-590a-bf52-9803a24bea9f:glu-high-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"At 300 mg/kg, modafinil increased striatal glutamate but not pallidal glutamate; substantia nigra had another response pattern.","description":"| GABA and glutamate | Rat microdialysis found lower striatal/pallidal GABA at 100 mg/kg, without local glutamate increases. At 300 mg/kg, glutamate rose in striatum but not pallidum; substantia nigra had another response pattern. | Global GABA suppression, global glutamate elevation, direct GABA-receptor antagonism or glutamate-receptor agonism. [1998 study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9774168/) |","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"624e6a4b-f96d-5d12-8206-30d1e1715c26","slug":"modafinil","display_name":"Modafinil","entity_type_key":"drug"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"Modafinil 300 mg/kg","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"98e7b636-052e-5eb5-881d-732b385af2b3","slug":"rat-glutamate-extracellular","display_name":"Rat regional extracellular glutamate","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"mixed","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"7da684a4-2641-5bc6-93ae-8c6aa384e487","slug":"glutamate","display_name":"L-Glutamate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"measured transmitter","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary indexed abstract checked; full methods and figures not comprehensively reviewed.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"Modafinil 300 mg/kg\", \"comparator\": \"Study control\", \"endpoint\": \"At 300 mg/kg, modafinil increased striatal glutamate but not pallidal glutamate; substantia nigra had another response pattern.\", \"effect_direction\": \"mixed\", \"combination\": \"single\", \"conditions\": []}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Rat regional microdialysis; 300 mg/kg pharmacological exposure, not human therapeutic equivalence.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Interpret only within the recorded preparation, exposure and comparator. The complete source passage retains qualifications; unspecified doses/timing have not been extracted here. No clinical efficacy, nutrient deficiency or unique molecular mediation is inferred.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"At 300 mg/kg, modafinil increased striatal glutamate but not pallidal glutamate; substantia nigra had another response pattern.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"The effects of modafinil on striatal, pallidal and nigral GABA and glutamate release in the conscious rat: evidence for a preferential inhibition of striato-pallidal GABA transmission. | 1998 | DOI 10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00629-6 | PMID 9774168 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9774168/","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 95-95; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"b0972bfa-ec48-5a4c-aa47-c5796f4550da","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 95-95","start_line":95,"end_line":95,"excerpt":"| GABA and glutamate | Rat microdialysis found lower striatal/pallidal GABA at 100 mg/kg, without local glutamate increases. At 300 mg/kg, glutamate rose in striatum but not pallidum; substantia nigra had another response pattern. | Global GABA suppression, global glutamate elevation, direct GABA-receptor antagonism or glutamate-receptor agonism. [1998 study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9774168/) |","model_system":"Rat regional microdialysis; 300 mg/kg pharmacological exposure, not human therapeutic equivalence.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_recorded","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. 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