{"id":"df6811d0-f47d-5097-9588-b727e3ec9b01","stable_key":"ff370329-68a3-573d-96ee-597de78a3967:api-chamomile-warfarin-case","predicate":"increases_in_recorded_comparison","statement":"A case report described serious bleeding during combined warfarin and chamomile tea/lotion exposure.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_recorded","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"12876674-3ad1-5be6-bb8e-9702ba6b1d1e","mechanism_event_label":"A case report described serious bleeding during combined warfarin and chamomile tea/lotion exposure.","subject":{"id":"3fb578b9-529c-58f2-8a60-a51a2463ff40","slug":"chamomile-warfarin-case-2006","display_name":"Chamomile tea and lotion exposure in the 2006 warfarin case","entity_type_key":"botanical"},"object":{"id":"73dec95c-aa04-567b-b50e-e0ddfe5f0fa6","slug":"warfarin-anticoagulant-response","display_name":"Anticoagulant response to warfarin","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"12876674-3ad1-5be6-bb8e-9702ba6b1d1e","stable_key":"ff370329-68a3-573d-96ee-597de78a3967:api-chamomile-warfarin-case-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"A case report described serious bleeding during combined warfarin and chamomile tea/lotion exposure.","description":"### api-chamomile-warfarin-case\n\nA case report described serious bleeding during combined warfarin and chamomile tea/lotion exposure.\nTemporal association is not proof of causality or identification of apigenin as the interacting constituent.\nModel and exposure: 70-year-old woman; single uncontrolled case.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: Warfarin interaction with Matricaria chamomilla. | 2006 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16636327/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1435958/ | https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.051191 | Access: Indexed primary abstract/metadata only; unextracted doses, figures and methods remain unknown.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"3fb578b9-529c-58f2-8a60-a51a2463ff40","slug":"chamomile-warfarin-case-2006","display_name":"Chamomile tea and lotion exposure in the 2006 warfarin case","entity_type_key":"botanical"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"Reported chamomile exposure during warfarin use","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"73dec95c-aa04-567b-b50e-e0ddfe5f0fa6","slug":"warfarin-anticoagulant-response","display_name":"Anticoagulant response to warfarin","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"increase","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Indexed primary abstract/metadata only; unextracted doses, figures and methods remain unknown.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_condition","value_text":"Reported chamomile exposure during warfarin use","comparator":"The patient’s prior reported clinical state","unit":null,"notes":"Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.","entity":{"slug":"chamomile-warfarin-case-2006","display_name":"Chamomile tea and lotion exposure in the 2006 warfarin case","entity_type_key":"botanical"}},{"dimension":"experimental_condition","value_text":"concurrent treatment","comparator":"The patient’s prior reported clinical state","unit":null,"notes":"Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.","entity":{"slug":"warfarin","display_name":"Warfarin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"Reported chamomile exposure during warfarin use\", \"comparator\": \"The patient’s prior reported clinical state\", \"endpoint\": \"A case report described serious bleeding during combined warfarin and chamomile tea/lotion exposure.\", \"effect_direction\": \"increase\", \"combination\": \"joint\", \"conditions\": [{\"entity_slug\": \"chamomile-warfarin-case-2006\", \"state\": \"Reported chamomile exposure during warfarin use\"}, {\"entity_slug\": \"warfarin\", \"state\": \"concurrent treatment\"}]}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; recorded from source.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"70-year-old woman; single uncontrolled case.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Recorded from source with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Apigenin collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"apigenin","display_name":"Apigenin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"A case report described serious bleeding during combined warfarin and chamomile tea/lotion exposure.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Warfarin interaction with Matricaria chamomilla. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16636327/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1435958/ | https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.051191","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference api-chamomile-warfarin-case; Temporal association is not proof of causality or identification of apigenin as the interacting constituent.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"e51656f0-3445-530e-bef9-6a43fcd2b2d4","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 928-934","start_line":928,"end_line":934,"excerpt":"### api-chamomile-warfarin-case\n\nA case report described serious bleeding during combined warfarin and chamomile tea/lotion exposure.\nTemporal association is not proof of causality or identification of apigenin as the interacting constituent.\nModel and exposure: 70-year-old woman; single uncontrolled case.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: Warfarin interaction with Matricaria chamomilla. | 2006 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16636327/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1435958/ | https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.051191 | Access: Indexed primary abstract/metadata only; unextracted doses, figures and methods remain unknown.","model_system":"70-year-old woman; single uncontrolled case.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_recorded","notes":"Original paraphrase in the retained reviewed reference, not a verbatim primary-paper quotation. Access level is explicit.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"54eac90b-add1-5f56-9036-d900307c5697","stable_key":"import-ff370329-68a3-573d-96ee-597de78a3967","title":"Apigenin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 10 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted original curation of primary studies; claim-local access and experimental limitations stated. Includes original-draft correction history. No independent replication claimed.","file_path":"","sha256":"ede6e5c6b91d66b66844f2ff667a7f8303d9ac1281f15dc09db703f7de4da942","revision_id":"b41a39a2-0197-549c-97a5-1765e6696931","review_status":"source_recorded","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}