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The peptide preparation and its cellular origin remain disputed; chromium is not shown to be an obligatory catalytic metal of INSR.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"chromium","display_name":"Chromium","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Rat receptor; isolated chromium oligopeptide preparation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The preparation amplified an existing insulin signal in this experiment; it did not replace insulin.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[chromium-p9109644] Chromium oligopeptide activates insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9109644/ DOI: 10.1021/bi963154t","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Purified receptor and membrane fragments","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"e98bb713-45fb-5201-b571-d02401a7d130","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 263-274","start_line":263,"end_line":274,"excerpt":"### chromium-chromodulin-kinase-amplification\nAdded chromium oligopeptide enhanced insulin-stimulated receptor tyrosine-kinase activity by up to eightfold in rat adipocyte membrane fragments; no enhancement occurred without insulin.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: The preparation amplified an existing insulin signal in this experiment; it did not replace insulin.\norganism: Rat receptor; isolated chromium oligopeptide preparation\ntissue_or_cell_type: Purified receptor and membrane fragments\nexperimental_model: Isolated rat insulin receptor and adipocyte membrane kinase assays\nlimitations: Assay activity is distinct from proof of an endogenous human cofactor. The peptide preparation and its cellular origin remain disputed; chromium is not shown to be an obligatory catalytic metal of INSR.\nexposure: Insulin activation with added low-molecular-weight chromium-binding material\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/chromium-research/9109644.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"23e955cef071c135f3935f440f4e333d49f494f004ceb22574df717c86bb7283\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 939, \"text_sha256\": \"23e955cef071c135f3935f440f4e333d49f494f004ceb22574df717c86bb7283\"}\n[chromium-p9109644] Chromium oligopeptide activates insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity. 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