{"id":"ddc0b2b7-aee7-51b9-b0f1-14e599885d6f","stable_key":"cb568d28-484a-5c2e-9fcc-2d780358e514:vc-enzyme-precursor-lowers-cell-ascorbate","predicate":"decreases-measured-content","statement":"Gamma-butyrobetaine supplementation lowered both reduced and total cellular vitamin C content during the guinea-pig hepatocyte carnitine-synthesis experiment.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"3dafaaa8-53dc-5efb-a23c-64d050311085","mechanism_event_label":"Supplying the carnitine precursor lowered the cells’ measured vitamin C pools.","subject":{"id":"e83c0395-55f1-5483-9710-9b9aa9767689","slug":"gamma-butyrobetaine","display_name":"gamma-Butyrobetaine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"d9d49d16-c7b2-5c28-bd72-ff9813555bac","slug":"guinea-pig-hepatocyte-ascorbate-content","display_name":"Guinea-pig hepatocyte ascorbate content","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"3dafaaa8-53dc-5efb-a23c-64d050311085","stable_key":"cb568d28-484a-5c2e-9fcc-2d780358e514:vc-enzyme-precursor-lowers-cell-ascorbate-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"Supplying the carnitine precursor lowered the cells’ measured vitamin C pools.","description":"Gamma-butyrobetaine supplementation lowered both reduced and total cellular vitamin C content during the guinea-pig hepatocyte carnitine-synthesis experiment.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"e83c0395-55f1-5483-9710-9b9aa9767689","slug":"gamma-butyrobetaine","display_name":"gamma-Butyrobetaine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"intervention","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"38d0c4d9-53d1-5239-bfe3-c1b5e9b79085","slug":"ascorbate","display_name":"L-Ascorbate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"supporting-reductant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"d9d49d16-c7b2-5c28-bd72-ff9813555bac","slug":"guinea-pig-hepatocyte-ascorbate-content","display_name":"Guinea-pig hepatocyte ascorbate content","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"readout","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"6e34c035-9371-578f-b799-fd2a14e9e40f","slug":"l-carnitine","display_name":"L-Carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"parallel-product","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"cross_nutrient","value_text":"Vitamin C chemistry in collagen, modified-lysine/carnitine metabolism or copper-dependent peptide/catecholamine processing.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Primary cultured male guinea-pig hepatocyte monolayers","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Ascorbate preloading followed by 4-hour gamma-butyrobetaine incubation; precursor range includes 0.05–1.0 mM and 5 mM.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Pool decrease alone does not establish exact ascorbate stoichiometry or identify all oxidation, export and degradation pathways.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Vitamin C research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"vitamin-c","display_name":"Vitamin C","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Cavia porcellus","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Supplying the carnitine precursor lowered the cells’ measured vitamin C pools.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[hepatocytes1991] The regulatory effect of ascorbate on the carnitine synthesis in primary cultured guinea pig hepatocytes. (1991). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1765841/ DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.37.371","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Hepatocytes","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"962252af-1eb4-503b-9613-27d4f849d82d","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 715-726","start_line":715,"end_line":726,"excerpt":"### vc-enzyme-precursor-lowers-cell-ascorbate\nGamma-butyrobetaine supplementation lowered both reduced and total cellular vitamin C content during the guinea-pig hepatocyte carnitine-synthesis experiment.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Vitamin C research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: Supplying the carnitine precursor lowered the cells’ measured vitamin C pools.\norganism: Cavia porcellus\ntissue_or_cell_type: Hepatocytes\nexperimental_model: Primary cultured male guinea-pig hepatocyte monolayers\nlimitations: Pool decrease alone does not establish exact ascorbate stoichiometry or identify all oxidation, export and degradation pathways.\ncross_nutrient: Vitamin C chemistry in collagen, modified-lysine/carnitine metabolism or copper-dependent peptide/catecholamine processing.\nexposure: Ascorbate preloading followed by 4-hour gamma-butyrobetaine incubation; precursor range includes 0.05–1.0 mM and 5 mM.\n[hepatocytes1991] The regulatory effect of ascorbate on the carnitine synthesis in primary cultured guinea pig hepatocytes. 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