{"id":"dd1a344e-41ed-5300-89e1-260f830012a9","stable_key":"c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8:gsh-quenching-human-lung-epithelial-allicin-injury","predicate":"decreases_in_recorded_experiment","statement":"Added extracellular glutathione reduced injury from allicin in Human A549/Beas-2B epithelial cultures.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"7f39ec25-375d-5526-a409-198b83242a7c","mechanism_event_label":"Added extracellular glutathione reduced injury from allicin in Human A549/Beas-2B epithelial cultures.","subject":{"id":"b44c9e27-4bbb-52d3-a022-14cddded5073","slug":"glutathione","display_name":"GSH","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"e2f94585-460d-5a6a-bea9-0fcb302fdc6d","slug":"human-lung-epithelial-allicin-injury","display_name":"Allicin injury in human A549 and Beas-2B cultures","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"7f39ec25-375d-5526-a409-198b83242a7c","stable_key":"c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8:gsh-quenching-human-lung-epithelial-allicin-injury-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"Added extracellular glutathione reduced injury from allicin in Human A549/Beas-2B epithelial cultures.","description":"**Laboratory antimicrobial activity.** Purified allicin inhibited multiple tested respiratory bacterial isolates, including some resistant to clinical antibiotics; susceptibility varied by organism and assay. The same investigation measured mammalian-cell and rat-lung-slice toxicity. Added glutathione reduced toxicity in those models. The experimental 1-mM glutathione condition must not be presented as a validated normal plasma concentration or a safe inhalation regimen. Luminal or surface accessibility is a hypothesis about delivery, not a calculation proving efficacy from nominal dose divided by fluid volume. [Reiter 2017](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6151386/)","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"b44c9e27-4bbb-52d3-a022-14cddded5073","slug":"glutathione","display_name":"GSH","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"Allicin plus 1 mM extracellular GSH","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"e2f94585-460d-5a6a-bea9-0fcb302fdc6d","slug":"human-lung-epithelial-allicin-injury","display_name":"Allicin injury in human A549 and Beas-2B cultures","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"decrease","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"85c86fcf-3060-5fae-b567-4f089990ab2d","slug":"allicin","display_name":"Allicin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"joint reactive compound","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text available; selected claim-relevant methods, results, tables/figures and limitations reviewed. Supplemental proteome and all secondary findings are not exhaustively extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_condition","value_text":"present","comparator":"Same allicin exposure without added GSH","unit":null,"notes":"Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.","entity":{"slug":"allicin","display_name":"Allicin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"experimental_condition","value_text":"added extracellularly","comparator":"Same allicin exposure without added GSH","unit":null,"notes":"Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.","entity":{"slug":"glutathione","display_name":"GSH","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"Allicin plus 1 mM extracellular GSH\", \"comparator\": \"Same allicin exposure without added GSH\", \"endpoint\": \"Added extracellular glutathione reduced injury from allicin in Human A549/Beas-2B epithelial cultures.\", \"effect_direction\": \"decrease\", \"combination\": \"joint\", \"conditions\": [{\"entity_slug\": \"glutathione\", \"state\": \"added extracellularly\"}, {\"entity_slug\": \"allicin\", \"state\": \"present\"}]}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Human A549/Beas-2B epithelial cultures; 1 mM extracellular GSH, direct allicin exposure; metabolic/LDH assays.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Quenching changes free exposure; it is not proof of intracellular repair or a validated physiological plasma GSH level.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Added extracellular glutathione reduced injury from allicin in Human A549/Beas-2B epithelial cultures.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Diallylthiosulfinate (Allicin), a Volatile Antimicrobial from Garlic (Allium sativum), Kills Human Lung Pathogenic Bacteria, Including MDR Strains, as a Vapor. | 2017 | DOI 10.3390/molecules22101711 | PMID 29023413 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29023413/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6151386/ | https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22101711","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 65-65; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"f62d3f90-b490-504a-842d-d77d53dd8027","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 65-65","start_line":65,"end_line":65,"excerpt":"**Laboratory antimicrobial activity.** Purified allicin inhibited multiple tested respiratory bacterial isolates, including some resistant to clinical antibiotics; susceptibility varied by organism and assay. The same investigation measured mammalian-cell and rat-lung-slice toxicity. Added glutathione reduced toxicity in those models. The experimental 1-mM glutathione condition must not be presented as a validated normal plasma concentration or a safe inhalation regimen. Luminal or surface accessibility is a hypothesis about delivery, not a calculation proving efficacy from nominal dose divided by fluid volume. [Reiter 2017](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6151386/)","model_system":"Human A549/Beas-2B epithelial cultures; 1 mM extracellular GSH, direct allicin exposure; metabolic/LDH assays.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. Not a verbatim quotation from a primary paper.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"10820a6b-594a-547d-97f9-906ab4cc1d6e","stable_key":"import-c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8","title":"Allicin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 5 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication.","file_path":"","sha256":"2475d3eb681100a0a34577a47b7cba5b251df866fbd6ce795122ccabee360018","revision_id":"590df96d-2ed1-5763-b04c-bf0e096e603c","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}