{"id":"d987d14e-78e2-59f4-ad05-5a0bd44192ef","stable_key":"33bef151-bdc7-5892-aff6-0345ab149739:heating-nattokinase-raises-its-ace-inhibition","predicate":"inhibits","statement":"Heat treatment at 120 C for 15 min markedly increased the ACE-inhibitory activity of subtilisin NAT while inactivating it as a protease and fragmenting it into small peptides.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"9a19919f-0359-5376-85a1-df791f3ab8eb","mechanism_event_label":"Heat treatment at 120 C for 15 min markedly increased the ACE-inhibitory activity of subtilisin NAT while inactivating it as a protease and fragmenting it into small peptides.","subject":{"id":"4d4eafa0-9952-5fa2-bb60-74e072c25edb","slug":"heat-inactivated-nattokinase","display_name":"Heat-inactivated nattokinase","entity_type_key":"protein_state"},"object":{"id":"3d4b5a5c-1666-5b4a-b4e7-60bc6de0e626","slug":"ace","display_name":"Human angiotensin-converting enzyme / ACE","entity_type_key":"protein"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"9a19919f-0359-5376-85a1-df791f3ab8eb","stable_key":"33bef151-bdc7-5892-aff6-0345ab149739:heating-nattokinase-raises-its-ace-inhibition-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"Heat treatment at 120 C for 15 min markedly increased the ACE-inhibitory activity of subtilisin NAT while inactivating it as a protease and fragmenting it into small peptides.","description":"ACE inhibition assay","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"4d4eafa0-9952-5fa2-bb60-74e072c25edb","slug":"heat-inactivated-nattokinase","display_name":"Heat-inactivated nattokinase","entity_type_key":"protein_state"},"role":"acting component","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"3d4b5a5c-1666-5b4a-b4e7-60bc6de0e626","slug":"ace","display_name":"Human angiotensin-converting enzyme / ACE","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"component the finding is about","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"15 min heating","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Purified subtilisin NAT","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Subtilisin NAT, heat-treated at 120 C for 15 min","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"This is the clearest evidence in the chapter that destroying the enzyme creates a different pharmacological species rather than nothing. The authors state the inhibition is not due to an enzymatic action of the protease. Inhibition was of mixed type: Vmax fell and Km rose.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Purified subtilisin NAT","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Heat treatment at 120 C for 15 min markedly increased the ACE-inhibitory activity of subtilisin NAT while inactivating it as a protease and fragmenting it into small peptides.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Inhibition of angiotensin I converting enzyme by subtilisin NAT (nattokinase) in natto, a Japanese traditional fermented food. 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Every reference in that document was resolved against live PubMed with its abstract read and its DOI cross-checked on 2026-09-23, and the EFSA novel-food opinion was retrieved and read in full. That check corrected two PMIDs that pointed at unrelated papers, two DOIs, and two papers recorded as carrying no erratum that do carry one; it also reversed three findings the supplied document had stated backwards. Two papers carry a published correction, recorded as such and not as a retraction. Three sources are not indexed in PubMed and are cited by what they have. Laboratory lineages are recorded, so the four papers from one group, the three from another and the two readings of a single applicant dossier cannot be counted as separate lines of support. Study-specific doses, units, populations and limitations retained; activity units are never converted between systems. 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