{"id":"d4b0635e-acf3-52f2-8431-5be4a8d9c9f3","stable_key":"ae1ed35d-8ce7-5936-9067-a641374bbf79:carnosine-oxidized-ldl","predicate":"reduces","statement":"Adding carnosine lowered free HNE formation during copper-driven LDL oxidation.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"d30cb5f9-4a39-508b-98b3-4b101dff865d","mechanism_event_label":"Aldehyde availability changed in an oxidizing lipid preparation.","subject":{"id":"9998eb9b-0d09-58c9-885b-a442477dec8d","slug":"carnosine","display_name":"L-Carnosine / beta-alanyl-L-histidine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"e5c6e849-1587-5775-8a2a-040ebd02ba0c","slug":"cell-free-free-hne-in-oxidized-ldl","display_name":"Free HNE in copper-oxidized LDL","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"d30cb5f9-4a39-508b-98b3-4b101dff865d","stable_key":"ae1ed35d-8ce7-5936-9067-a641374bbf79:carnosine-oxidized-ldl-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Aldehyde availability changed in an oxidizing lipid preparation.","description":"Adding carnosine lowered free HNE formation during copper-driven LDL oxidation.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"9998eb9b-0d09-58c9-885b-a442477dec8d","slug":"carnosine","display_name":"L-Carnosine / beta-alanyl-L-histidine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"e5c6e849-1587-5775-8a2a-040ebd02ba0c","slug":"cell-free-free-hne-in-oxidized-ldl","display_name":"Free HNE in copper-oxidized LDL","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"cc9bce9d-a834-5e6d-85a5-b873b8e69a21","slug":"4-hydroxynonenal","display_name":"4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal / HNE","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"2a870bb5-05a0-5e51-a70c-a9a843a8b571","slug":"copper-ii","display_name":"Copper(II) ion","entity_type_key":"ion"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Cell-free LDL oxidation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Cannot distinguish all contributions of trapping and oxidation suppression.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Carnosine collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"carnosine","display_name":"L-Carnosine / beta-alanyl-L-histidine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Aldehyde availability changed in an oxidizing lipid preparation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Dietary carnosine prevents early atherosclerotic lesion formation in apolipoprotein E-null mice. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23559625/ · DOI 10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300572","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"0427cc65-705e-5724-93e9-5d47be764b69","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 324-330","start_line":324,"end_line":330,"excerpt":"## carnosine-oxidized-ldl\nAldehyde availability changed in an oxidizing lipid preparation.\nAdding carnosine lowered free HNE formation during copper-driven LDL oxidation.\nModel: Cell-free LDL oxidation.\nLimitations: Cannot distinguish all contributions of trapping and oxidation suppression.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nDietary carnosine prevents early atherosclerotic lesion formation in apolipoprotein E-null mice. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23559625/ · DOI 10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300572","model_system":"Cell-free LDL oxidation.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"87dc5af2-4eb6-5980-b7e0-bf3697b1156e","stable_key":"import-ae1ed35d-8ce7-5936-9067-a641374bbf79","title":"Carnosine: synthesis, transport, carbonyl chemistry and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. 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