{"id":"d0fb33e4-a57c-584e-9279-83398839bdad","stable_key":"ae1ed35d-8ce7-5936-9067-a641374bbf79:carnosine-human-acrolein","predicate":"increases","statement":"Oral carnosine increased urinary carnosine-acrolein adduct excretion, with substantial differences between individuals.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"14c5c428-4b8a-55bf-91ec-6b62f33114d4","mechanism_event_label":"Human urine provided evidence of aldehyde trapping.","subject":{"id":"9998eb9b-0d09-58c9-885b-a442477dec8d","slug":"carnosine","display_name":"L-Carnosine / beta-alanyl-L-histidine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"cf6c2732-6a0f-5fc7-a12a-4dc9d330e7b0","slug":"human-urinary-carnosine-acrolein","display_name":"Human urinary carnosine-acrolein adduct excretion","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"14c5c428-4b8a-55bf-91ec-6b62f33114d4","stable_key":"ae1ed35d-8ce7-5936-9067-a641374bbf79:carnosine-human-acrolein-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Human urine provided evidence of aldehyde trapping.","description":"Oral carnosine increased urinary carnosine-acrolein adduct excretion, with substantial differences between individuals.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"9998eb9b-0d09-58c9-885b-a442477dec8d","slug":"carnosine","display_name":"L-Carnosine / beta-alanyl-L-histidine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"cf6c2732-6a0f-5fc7-a12a-4dc9d330e7b0","slug":"human-urinary-carnosine-acrolein","display_name":"Human urinary carnosine-acrolein adduct excretion","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"d14271cf-f06d-5516-a786-3f16fda4ab80","slug":"acrolein","display_name":"Acrolein","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"8fd3dd09-f0eb-513e-85f6-cefe5dc929ca","slug":"carnosine-acrolein-adducts","display_name":"Carnosine-acrolein adducts","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Overweight adults; 2 g/day for twelve weeks.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Urinary adducts do not quantify total tissue detoxification; plasma carnosine/adducts were not detected.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Carnosine collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"carnosine","display_name":"L-Carnosine / beta-alanyl-L-histidine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Human urine provided evidence of aldehyde trapping.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"A carnosine intervention study in overweight human volunteers: bioavailability and reactive carbonyl species sequestering effect. · 2016 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27265207/ · DOI 10.1038/srep27224","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"38333702-7bc9-5339-8e57-39b31143077b","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 268-274","start_line":268,"end_line":274,"excerpt":"## carnosine-human-acrolein\nHuman urine provided evidence of aldehyde trapping.\nOral carnosine increased urinary carnosine-acrolein adduct excretion, with substantial differences between individuals.\nModel: Overweight adults; 2 g/day for twelve weeks.\nLimitations: Urinary adducts do not quantify total tissue detoxification; plasma carnosine/adducts were not detected.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nA carnosine intervention study in overweight human volunteers: bioavailability and reactive carbonyl species sequestering effect. · 2016 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27265207/ · DOI 10.1038/srep27224","model_system":"Overweight adults; 2 g/day for twelve weeks.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"87dc5af2-4eb6-5980-b7e0-bf3697b1156e","stable_key":"import-ae1ed35d-8ce7-5936-9067-a641374bbf79","title":"Carnosine: synthesis, transport, carbonyl chemistry and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. 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