{"id":"cfd61e59-7353-57ce-82f5-5de658f9bb7b","stable_key":"cab605fe-8a82-5191-9966-d19a9628c24c:betalains-betanin-ldl-oxidation","predicate":"delays","statement":"LDL enriched with betanin showed a longer lag before copper-induced oxidation.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"4d13974d-9c3f-51a1-9bc4-31ac643373b4","mechanism_event_label":"LDL enriched with betanin showed a longer lag before copper-induced oxidation.","subject":{"id":"6c12bb61-c9c2-5c6d-a087-a292145ccaf0","slug":"betanin","display_name":"Betanin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"51d16a59-092e-5057-ab80-6a5c1939297f","slug":"copper-ldl-oxidation","display_name":"Copper-driven LDL oxidation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"4d13974d-9c3f-51a1-9bc4-31ac643373b4","stable_key":"cab605fe-8a82-5191-9966-d19a9628c24c:betalains-betanin-ldl-oxidation-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"LDL enriched with betanin showed a longer lag before copper-induced oxidation.","description":"LDL enriched with betanin showed a longer lag before copper-induced oxidation.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"6c12bb61-c9c2-5c6d-a087-a292145ccaf0","slug":"betanin","display_name":"Betanin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"51d16a59-092e-5057-ab80-6a5c1939297f","slug":"copper-ldl-oxidation","display_name":"Copper-driven LDL oxidation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"2a870bb5-05a0-5e51-a70c-a9a843a8b571","slug":"copper-ii","display_name":"Copper(II) ion","entity_type_key":"ion"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"19901d14-1463-5a22-b2f5-afdfb70a7a23","slug":"ldl-particles","display_name":"Low-density lipoprotein particles; preparation specified","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"dose","value_text":"25-100 micromolar pigment added to plasma; copper-triggered LDL oxidation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"Kinetic oxidation assay; incubation duration not specified in accessed abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary PubMed abstract; detailed exposure for PMID 23931157 additionally checked in publisher results. No uninspected full text is claimed.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_scope","value_text":"literature_reviewed; source-derived curation, not universally established human effects","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Human pooled plasma from 10 healthy donors; isolated LDL","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Plasma spiking exceeds typical dietary parent-pigment exposure; vitamin synergy refers only to this assay.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Betalains collection; each molecular form, species, exposure and preparation remains explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"betalains","display_name":"Betalains","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Human pooled plasma from 10 healthy donors; isolated LDL","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"LDL enriched with betanin showed a longer lag before copper-induced oxidation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Increased resistance to oxidation of betalain-enriched human low density lipoproteins. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12868496/ DOI: 10.1080/1071576031000097490","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"route","value_text":"Ex vivo spiking, not oral dosing","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue","value_text":"Plasma and LDL","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"7d1e3b4d-4b5a-50de-9b32-77262d682b0c","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 57-65","start_line":57,"end_line":65,"excerpt":"## betalains-betanin-ldl-oxidation\nLDL enriched with betanin showed a longer lag before copper-induced oxidation.\nModel/species: Human pooled plasma from 10 healthy donors; isolated LDL\nTissue: Plasma and LDL\nExposure: 25-100 micromolar pigment added to plasma; copper-triggered LDL oxidation\nRoute: Ex vivo spiking, not oral dosing\nDuration: Kinetic oxidation assay; incubation duration not specified in accessed abstract\nLimits: Plasma spiking exceeds typical dietary parent-pigment exposure; vitamin synergy refers only to this assay.\nPrimary reference: Increased resistance to oxidation of betalain-enriched human low density lipoproteins. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12868496/ DOI: 10.1080/1071576031000097490","model_system":"Human pooled plasma from 10 healthy donors; isolated LDL","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact archived curation span; an original paraphrase with an individually identified primary reference.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"be94d093-444c-5729-8831-bc33b0ef2fd7","stable_key":"import-cab605fe-8a82-5191-9966-d19a9628c24c","title":"Betalains: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted curation of twelve primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"adb4fb8586481a69da5d2fe5cf62ad1dae2509af524352673fc7427123eeda87","revision_id":"a328b3f9-66d2-59e2-bd8f-de651c3c7649","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}