{"id":"cf7a671c-44a0-55cc-8e12-f753ff642a24","stable_key":"c9aa15a1-8ba2-5913-b2dd-372af304bf87:fast-gh-blockade","predicate":"reverses_protocol_effect","statement":"GH blockade abolished fasting-induced insulin resistance, mainly through reduced endogenous glucose production.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"aea003aa-8eee-51b5-8f77-1266aacb6b92","mechanism_event_label":"A counterregulatory hormone helped explain glucose sparing in this experiment.","subject":{"id":"93e78aa8-fadb-56f1-a56f-58c3bdf07535","slug":"pegvisomant","display_name":"Pegvisomant / growth-hormone receptor antagonist","entity_type_key":"protein"},"object":{"id":"27ddfa39-1d00-5f28-bca6-da6a99618bb5","slug":"systemic-insulin-sensitivity","display_name":"Systemic insulin sensitivity","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"aea003aa-8eee-51b5-8f77-1266aacb6b92","stable_key":"c9aa15a1-8ba2-5913-b2dd-372af304bf87:fast-gh-blockade-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"A counterregulatory hormone helped explain glucose sparing in this experiment.","description":"GH blockade abolished fasting-induced insulin resistance, mainly through reduced endogenous glucose production.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"93e78aa8-fadb-56f1-a56f-58c3bdf07535","slug":"pegvisomant","display_name":"Pegvisomant / growth-hormone receptor antagonist","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"27ddfa39-1d00-5f28-bca6-da6a99618bb5","slug":"systemic-insulin-sensitivity","display_name":"Systemic insulin sensitivity","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"e71d7c2b-eba7-5167-91b7-df74dbca061a","slug":"growth-hormone","display_name":"Human growth hormone","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Same nine-men protocol, hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Acute adaptation during prolonged fasting differs from long-term diabetes outcomes.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Fasting physiological-state collection; human protocols, cellular deprivation and refeeding are distinguished.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"fasting","display_name":"Fasting / abstention from energy intake","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"A counterregulatory hormone helped explain glucose sparing in this experiment.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Substrate Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity During Fasting in Obese Human Subjects: Impact of GH Blockade. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28324055/ · DOI 10.1210/jc.2016-3835","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"f133dbea-244a-53a7-a1a9-c72eedc1117d","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 216-222","start_line":216,"end_line":222,"excerpt":"## fast-gh-blockade\nA counterregulatory hormone helped explain glucose sparing in this experiment.\nGH blockade abolished fasting-induced insulin resistance, mainly through reduced endogenous glucose production.\nModel: Same nine-men protocol, hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp.\nLimitations: Acute adaptation during prolonged fasting differs from long-term diabetes outcomes.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nSubstrate Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity During Fasting in Obese Human Subjects: Impact of GH Blockade. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28324055/ · DOI 10.1210/jc.2016-3835","model_system":"Same nine-men protocol, hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"921d1eb5-2c88-52b9-9898-60b2b5bf6029","stable_key":"import-c9aa15a1-8ba2-5913-b2dd-372af304bf87","title":"Fasting: fuel switching, nutrient sensing, ketone signaling, nutrient dependencies and refeeding (2026-09-18)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. 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