{"id":"cf3ff829-c642-51ca-abe3-315d96a81268","stable_key":"e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b:rat-complexiv","predicate":"increases_in_recorded_comparison","statement":"ALCAR treatment restored depressed cardiac cytochrome oxidase activity in aged rats.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_recorded","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"bd728deb-8a5c-5aec-adfb-bef6460c242d","mechanism_event_label":"ALCAR treatment restored depressed cardiac cytochrome oxidase activity in aged rats.","subject":{"id":"5ce394a9-6ec6-56dd-866f-37d85c0556e4","slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"e83630fc-8e9a-5bbc-93a6-c8499184cb7a","slug":"rat-aged-heart-complexiv","display_name":"Aged-rat cardiac complex IV activity","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"bd728deb-8a5c-5aec-adfb-bef6460c242d","stable_key":"e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b:rat-complexiv-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"ALCAR treatment restored depressed cardiac cytochrome oxidase activity in aged rats.","description":"### rat-complexiv\n\nALCAR treatment restored depressed cardiac cytochrome oxidase activity in aged rats.\nCardiolipin-mediated explanation was proposed; these observations do not establish a direct ALCAR cardiolipin-remodeling enzyme reaction or human cardiac benefit.\nModel and exposure: Aged-rat heart mitochondrial preparation; indexed primary abstract, dose/time not extracted.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: Effect of aging and acetyl-L-carnitine on the activity of cytochrome oxidase and adenine nucleotide translocase in rat heart mitochondria. | 1994 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8070566/ | https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(94)00763-2 | Access: Indexed primary abstract/metadata only; unextracted doses, figures and methods remain unknown.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"5ce394a9-6ec6-56dd-866f-37d85c0556e4","slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"ALCAR treatment of aged rats","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"e83630fc-8e9a-5bbc-93a6-c8499184cb7a","slug":"rat-aged-heart-complexiv","display_name":"Aged-rat cardiac complex IV activity","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"increase","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Indexed primary abstract/metadata only; unextracted doses, figures and methods remain unknown.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"ALCAR treatment of aged rats\", \"comparator\": \"Untreated aged rats\", \"endpoint\": \"ALCAR treatment restored depressed cardiac cytochrome oxidase activity in aged rats.\", \"effect_direction\": \"increase\", \"combination\": \"single\", \"conditions\": []}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Aged-rat heart mitochondrial preparation; indexed primary abstract, dose/time not extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived curation with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Acetyl-L-carnitine collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"ALCAR treatment restored depressed cardiac cytochrome oxidase activity in aged rats.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Effect of aging and acetyl-L-carnitine on the activity of cytochrome oxidase and adenine nucleotide translocase in rat heart mitochondria. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8070566/ | https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(94)00763-2","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference rat-complexiv; Cardiolipin-mediated explanation was proposed; these observations do not establish a direct ALCAR cardiolipin-remodeling enzyme reaction or human cardiac benefit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"cd24eb9e-e91b-59aa-a243-cbc57efe4b8c","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 404-410","start_line":404,"end_line":410,"excerpt":"### rat-complexiv\n\nALCAR treatment restored depressed cardiac cytochrome oxidase activity in aged rats.\nCardiolipin-mediated explanation was proposed; these observations do not establish a direct ALCAR cardiolipin-remodeling enzyme reaction or human cardiac benefit.\nModel and exposure: Aged-rat heart mitochondrial preparation; indexed primary abstract, dose/time not extracted.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: Effect of aging and acetyl-L-carnitine on the activity of cytochrome oxidase and adenine nucleotide translocase in rat heart mitochondria. | 1994 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8070566/ | https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(94)00763-2 | Access: Indexed primary abstract/metadata only; unextracted doses, figures and methods remain unknown.","model_system":"Aged-rat heart mitochondrial preparation; indexed primary abstract, dose/time not extracted.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_recorded","notes":"Original paraphrase in the retained reviewed reference, not a verbatim primary-paper quotation. Access level is explicit.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"2588f904-245a-597a-8a12-65118013fb90","stable_key":"import-e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b","title":"Acetyl-L-carnitine: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 6 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted original review of primary studies and clearly identified official records. Exact primary access is stated; no independent replication is claimed.","file_path":"","sha256":"84cc82d6fbb0fd5d73c4ce779e9f88e7f0184ba2d29b18ad0f153815380f2975","revision_id":"dac7a950-dbe5-5c7a-9c70-2ea711d5c71a","review_status":"source_recorded","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}