{"id":"cd4a5460-dbd3-5060-928e-9a4b590db7ee","stable_key":"e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b:drg-grm2","predicate":"increases_in_recorded_comparison","statement":"A single ALCAR exposure transiently increased Grm2 mRNA in rat dorsal-root-ganglion cultures.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_recorded","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"744091a6-01c7-5b8f-9940-d91566d3362f","mechanism_event_label":"A single ALCAR exposure transiently increased Grm2 mRNA in rat dorsal-root-ganglion cultures.","subject":{"id":"5ce394a9-6ec6-56dd-866f-37d85c0556e4","slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"42ac534e-3c26-5e31-979f-fe595160ed47","slug":"rat-drg-grm2-transcript","display_name":"Rat DRG Grm2 transcript abundance","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"744091a6-01c7-5b8f-9940-d91566d3362f","stable_key":"e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b:drg-grm2-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"A single ALCAR exposure transiently increased Grm2 mRNA in rat dorsal-root-ganglion cultures.","description":"### drg-grm2\n\nA single ALCAR exposure transiently increased Grm2 mRNA in rat dorsal-root-ganglion cultures.\nIncrease was detected at 1 h and was no longer detectable at later 1–4-day measurements.\nModel and exposure: Rat primary DRG cultures; 250 micromolar ALCAR, 1 h versus 1–4 days.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: Transcriptional regulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 expression by the NF-kappaB pathway in primary dorsal root ganglia neurons: a possible mechanism for the analgesic effect of L-acetylcarnitine. | 2006 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16764720/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1550235/ | https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8069-2-20 | Access: Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"5ce394a9-6ec6-56dd-866f-37d85c0556e4","slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"250 micromolar ALCAR, 1 h","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"42ac534e-3c26-5e31-979f-fe595160ed47","slug":"rat-drg-grm2-transcript","display_name":"Rat DRG Grm2 transcript abundance","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"increase","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"1dd1a4e1-dc80-5297-8b76-98652b5150ce","slug":"rat-grm2","display_name":"Rat metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 / Grm2","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"gene product corresponding to transcript","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"250 micromolar ALCAR, 1 h\", \"comparator\": \"Vehicle culture\", \"endpoint\": \"A single ALCAR exposure transiently increased Grm2 mRNA in rat dorsal-root-ganglion cultures.\", \"effect_direction\": \"increase\", \"combination\": \"single\", \"conditions\": []}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Rat primary DRG cultures; 250 micromolar ALCAR, 1 h versus 1–4 days.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived curation with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Acetyl-L-carnitine collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"A single ALCAR exposure transiently increased Grm2 mRNA in rat dorsal-root-ganglion cultures.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Transcriptional regulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 expression by the NF-kappaB pathway in primary dorsal root ganglia neurons: a possible mechanism for the analgesic effect of L-acetylcarnitine. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16764720/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1550235/ | https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8069-2-20","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference drg-grm2; Increase was detected at 1 h and was no longer detectable at later 1–4-day measurements.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"a79c50c2-d195-557a-af7a-c813416afd99","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 192-198","start_line":192,"end_line":198,"excerpt":"### drg-grm2\n\nA single ALCAR exposure transiently increased Grm2 mRNA in rat dorsal-root-ganglion cultures.\nIncrease was detected at 1 h and was no longer detectable at later 1–4-day measurements.\nModel and exposure: Rat primary DRG cultures; 250 micromolar ALCAR, 1 h versus 1–4 days.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: Transcriptional regulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 expression by the NF-kappaB pathway in primary dorsal root ganglia neurons: a possible mechanism for the analgesic effect of L-acetylcarnitine. | 2006 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16764720/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1550235/ | https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8069-2-20 | Access: Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.","model_system":"Rat primary DRG cultures; 250 micromolar ALCAR, 1 h versus 1–4 days.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_recorded","notes":"Original paraphrase in the retained reviewed reference, not a verbatim primary-paper quotation. Access level is explicit.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"2588f904-245a-597a-8a12-65118013fb90","stable_key":"import-e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b","title":"Acetyl-L-carnitine: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 6 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted original review of primary studies and clearly identified official records. Exact primary access is stated; no independent replication is claimed.","file_path":"","sha256":"84cc82d6fbb0fd5d73c4ce779e9f88e7f0184ba2d29b18ad0f153815380f2975","revision_id":"dac7a950-dbe5-5c7a-9c70-2ea711d5c71a","review_status":"source_recorded","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}