{"id":"caca910f-4786-551c-806b-a578dc6d9535","stable_key":"fcc4fa9c-4dc8-5566-b780-1a486c4d3e72:alcohol-gastric-first-pass","predicate":"reduces","statement":"Decreased gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and decreased first-pass metabolism accounted for higher blood alcohol levels in women given the same oral dose.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"00dc1180-8ddb-5340-b5ce-5d663f38aa66","mechanism_event_label":"Some alcohol is destroyed in the stomach wall before it reaches the blood, and that barrier is smaller in women.","subject":{"id":"44ffa5c2-9149-5bd4-b4d4-76fbafd7eb9a","slug":"gastric-adh","display_name":"Gastric mucosal alcohol dehydrogenase activity","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"object":{"id":"c690437e-1a09-51b5-a57e-1415dd28da28","slug":"blood-ethanol-concentration","display_name":"Blood ethanol concentration","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"00dc1180-8ddb-5340-b5ce-5d663f38aa66","stable_key":"fcc4fa9c-4dc8-5566-b780-1a486c4d3e72:alcohol-gastric-first-pass-event","event_type":"observed_intervention","label":"Some alcohol is destroyed in the stomach wall before it reaches the blood, and that barrier is smaller in women.","description":"Decreased gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and decreased first-pass metabolism accounted for higher blood alcohol levels in women given the same oral dose.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"3de2776e-7299-5e31-966a-0f7e1c64c2b7","slug":"first-pass-ethanol-metabolism","display_name":"Gastric first-pass metabolism of ethanol","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured_process","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"44ffa5c2-9149-5bd4-b4d4-76fbafd7eb9a","slug":"gastric-adh","display_name":"Gastric mucosal alcohol dehydrogenase activity","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"c690437e-1a09-51b5-a57e-1415dd28da28","slug":"blood-ethanol-concentration","display_name":"Blood ethanol concentration","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/alcohol-research/2248624.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"e8679c8360907919917314956d4febe0010e0e35619c2032360341f4964a3e16\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1624, \"text_sha256\": \"e8679c8360907919917314956d4febe0010e0e35619c2032360341f4964a3e16\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Blood alcohol and gastric biopsy alcohol dehydrogenase activity in men and women","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Oral versus intravenous ethanol, with gastric biopsy enzyme assay","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"The oral versus intravenous comparison is what isolates first-pass metabolism. Sample sizes are small and the effect size has been debated since.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Alcohol research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and ethanol is recorded separately from the acetaldehyde it becomes.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"ethanol","display_name":"Ethanol","entity_type_key":"drug"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Human","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Some alcohol is destroyed in the stomach wall before it reaches the blood, and that barrier is smaller in women.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[alcohol-p2248624] High blood alcohol levels in women. The role of decreased gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and first-pass metabolism. (1990). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2248624/ DOI: 10.1056/nejm199001113220205","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Gastric mucosa","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"4734b6d5-1442-58d6-b5a2-6e2e2be2c0f8","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 202-213","start_line":202,"end_line":213,"excerpt":"### alcohol-gastric-first-pass\nDecreased gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and decreased first-pass metabolism accounted for higher blood alcohol levels in women given the same oral dose.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Alcohol research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and ethanol is recorded separately from the acetaldehyde it becomes.\nplain_language: Some alcohol is destroyed in the stomach wall before it reaches the blood, and that barrier is smaller in women.\norganism: Human\ntissue_or_cell_type: Gastric mucosa\nexperimental_model: Blood alcohol and gastric biopsy alcohol dehydrogenase activity in men and women\nlimitations: The oral versus intravenous comparison is what isolates first-pass metabolism. Sample sizes are small and the effect size has been debated since.\nexposure: Oral versus intravenous ethanol, with gastric biopsy enzyme assay\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/alcohol-research/2248624.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"e8679c8360907919917314956d4febe0010e0e35619c2032360341f4964a3e16\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1624, \"text_sha256\": \"e8679c8360907919917314956d4febe0010e0e35619c2032360341f4964a3e16\"}\n[alcohol-p2248624] High blood alcohol levels in women. The role of decreased gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and first-pass metabolism. (1990). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2248624/ DOI: 10.1056/nejm199001113220205","model_system":"Blood alcohol and gastric biopsy alcohol dehydrogenase activity in men and women","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [alcohol-p2248624] High blood alcohol levels in women. The role of decreased gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and first-pass metabolism. 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