{"id":"ca367195-7ee6-58ac-9722-09737048f423","stable_key":"a8bedee0-a740-5bbb-921e-bfd144c7b68c:astaxanthin-cyp-induction","predicate":"induces","statement":"Astaxanthin induced CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 in cultured primary human hepatocytes, without the CYP1A/CYP2C induction reported in rat comparisons.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"bf862c78-39a9-5af8-9b3f-880e5abd85d4","mechanism_event_label":"Human liver cells showed a selective enzyme response.","subject":{"id":"1bf8b9c0-9c38-5c8a-b5da-f00b0eeca36f","slug":"astaxanthin","display_name":"Astaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"54e95ff1-4ffa-5e6f-a4cb-b47e5d2a5bda","slug":"cyp3a4","display_name":"Human cytochrome P450 3A4","entity_type_key":"protein"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"bf862c78-39a9-5af8-9b3f-880e5abd85d4","stable_key":"a8bedee0-a740-5bbb-921e-bfd144c7b68c:astaxanthin-cyp-induction-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Human liver cells showed a selective enzyme response.","description":"Astaxanthin induced CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 in cultured primary human hepatocytes, without the CYP1A/CYP2C induction reported in rat comparisons.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"1bf8b9c0-9c38-5c8a-b5da-f00b0eeca36f","slug":"astaxanthin","display_name":"Astaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"54e95ff1-4ffa-5e6f-a4cb-b47e5d2a5bda","slug":"cyp3a4","display_name":"Human cytochrome P450 3A4","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"11808d54-3cee-5a66-ad7f-1484efd33540","slug":"cyp2b6","display_name":"Human cytochrome P450 2B6 / CYP2B6","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Primary human hepatocyte exposure experiment.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Cell induction is not a demonstrated clinical drug interaction; no automatic prediction of drug clearance or dose adjustment.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Astaxanthin collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"astaxanthin","display_name":"Astaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Human liver cells showed a selective enzyme response.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Metabolism and CYP-inducer properties of astaxanthin in man and primary human hepatocytes. · 2002 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11876499/ · DOI 10.1007/s00204-001-0287-5","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"e9e9c197-f0a3-55e1-beab-a9a020417836","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 134-140","start_line":134,"end_line":140,"excerpt":"## astaxanthin-cyp-induction\nHuman liver cells showed a selective enzyme response.\nAstaxanthin induced CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 in cultured primary human hepatocytes, without the CYP1A/CYP2C induction reported in rat comparisons.\nModel: Primary human hepatocyte exposure experiment.\nLimitations: Cell induction is not a demonstrated clinical drug interaction; no automatic prediction of drug clearance or dose adjustment.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nMetabolism and CYP-inducer properties of astaxanthin in man and primary human hepatocytes. · 2002 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11876499/ · DOI 10.1007/s00204-001-0287-5","model_system":"Primary human hepatocyte exposure experiment.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"4fd91ea6-78b4-5bfe-93e3-686fbef9f678","stable_key":"import-a8bedee0-a740-5bbb-921e-bfd144c7b68c","title":"Astaxanthin: transport, membrane chemistry, signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. 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