{"id":"c8b1eb2c-0f89-5f26-9da7-f8fc0a300bab","stable_key":"792249b7-a38d-5f43-afb6-2936818a3fa2:tartrazine-metabolite-mitochondria","predicate":"depolarizes","statement":"Sulfanilic acid at 1 mM depolarized the mitochondrial membrane potential in AR42J cells.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"f8b6bd33-c045-5d34-a685-2535dabc185e","mechanism_event_label":"Sulfanilic acid at 1 mM depolarized the mitochondrial membrane potential in AR42J cells.","subject":{"id":"f0f532e0-d3c7-5f4f-a9de-a979cd031bae","slug":"sulfanilic-acid","display_name":"Sulfanilic acid","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"0fc42d14-6fd3-5c3b-8272-9d5f01e7ff08","slug":"rat-ar42j-mitochondrial-potential","display_name":"Mitochondrial membrane potential in rat AR42J cells","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"f8b6bd33-c045-5d34-a685-2535dabc185e","stable_key":"792249b7-a38d-5f43-afb6-2936818a3fa2:tartrazine-metabolite-mitochondria-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Sulfanilic acid at 1 mM depolarized the mitochondrial membrane potential in AR42J cells.","description":"Sulfanilic acid at 1 mM depolarized the mitochondrial membrane potential in AR42J cells.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"f0f532e0-d3c7-5f4f-a9de-a979cd031bae","slug":"sulfanilic-acid","display_name":"Sulfanilic acid","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"0fc42d14-6fd3-5c3b-8272-9d5f01e7ff08","slug":"rat-ar42j-mitochondrial-potential","display_name":"Mitochondrial membrane potential in rat AR42J cells","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"135b5f4d-0c59-5359-a645-39796e820d42","slug":"tartrazine","display_name":"Tartrazine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"dose","value_text":"Sulfanilic acid 1 micromolar-1 mM; mitochondrial depolarization reported at 1 mM","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"Acute calcium time course; other assay intervals not specified in abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary PubMed abstract; unrecovered method details explicitly retained.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_scope","value_text":"literature_reviewed; source-specific experimental curation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Rat pancreatic AR42J cell line","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"The metabolite was administered directly. No measured oral tartrazine-to-pancreas exposure or pancreatitis outcome is established. Oxidant production was reported to be calcium-independent.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Tartrazine food-colorant chapter; nutrient, drug and peptide interactions retain their models and limits.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"tartrazine","display_name":"Tartrazine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Rat pancreatic AR42J cell line","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Sulfanilic acid at 1 mM depolarized the mitochondrial membrane potential in AR42J cells.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Sulfanilic acid increases intracellular free-calcium concentration, induces reactive oxygen species production and impairs trypsin secretion in pancreatic AR42J cells. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29986830/ DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.001","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"route","value_text":"In vitro metabolite exposure","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue","value_text":"Calcium, redox, mitochondrial and secretory assays","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"90201086-8acb-5d76-9924-378bb0ae0868","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 171-180","start_line":171,"end_line":180,"excerpt":"## tartrazine-metabolite-mitochondria\nSulfanilic acid at 1 mM depolarized the mitochondrial membrane potential in AR42J cells.\nModel/species: Rat pancreatic AR42J cell line\nTissue: Calcium, redox, mitochondrial and secretory assays\nExposure: Sulfanilic acid 1 micromolar-1 mM; mitochondrial depolarization reported at 1 mM\nRoute: In vitro metabolite exposure\nDuration: Acute calcium time course; other assay intervals not specified in abstract\nLimits: The metabolite was administered directly. No measured oral tartrazine-to-pancreas exposure or pancreatitis outcome is established. Oxidant production was reported to be calcium-independent.\nPrimary reference: Sulfanilic acid increases intracellular free-calcium concentration, induces reactive oxygen species production and impairs trypsin secretion in pancreatic AR42J cells. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29986830/ DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.001\nAccess: Primary PubMed abstract; unrecovered method details explicitly retained.","model_system":"Rat pancreatic AR42J cell line","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact original curation span, not a publisher quotation; primary citation retained.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"d9540941-68b4-5a0d-a5c1-828665a918e2","stable_key":"import-792249b7-a38d-5f43-afb6-2936818a3fa2","title":"Tartrazine: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted curation of eighteen primary studies. Study-specific citations, negative findings and limitations retained. 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