{"id":"c840780a-c1d3-53a5-ad70-f2b22c5764d1","stable_key":"104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4:butyrate-brain-memory","predicate":"modulates","statement":"Post-training sodium butyrate injection enabled 24-hour object-location memory after otherwise subthreshold training in mice, with increased hippocampal Bdnf transcripts.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"09b1841a-606d-5469-a4ce-73e9ba953fcf","mechanism_event_label":"Injected treatment changed a learning response in mice.","subject":{"id":"e7428a7f-d35a-5406-9904-a88984814833","slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"3bf6d352-83be-5bba-8a28-168a758bc39a","slug":"mouse-butyrate-memory","display_name":"Mouse object-location memory after injected sodium butyrate","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"09b1841a-606d-5469-a4ce-73e9ba953fcf","stable_key":"104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4:butyrate-brain-memory-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Injected treatment changed a learning response in mice.","description":"Post-training sodium butyrate injection enabled 24-hour object-location memory after otherwise subthreshold training in mice, with increased hippocampal Bdnf transcripts.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"e7428a7f-d35a-5406-9904-a88984814833","slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"3bf6d352-83be-5bba-8a28-168a758bc39a","slug":"mouse-butyrate-memory","display_name":"Mouse object-location memory after injected sodium butyrate","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"8d4e2cbf-5be6-54a1-8b6e-5195fe680373","slug":"mouse-bdnf","display_name":"Mouse brain-derived neurotrophic factor / Bdnf","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"4baf6011-dcc4-5a69-9c77-a21de6060383","slug":"sodium-butyrate","display_name":"Sodium butyrate","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Mouse behavioral and hippocampal transcription experiments.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Injected pharmacological exposure does not establish that ordinary microbial production or oral supplements improve human memory.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Butyrate collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Injected treatment changed a learning response in mice.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Exercise and sodium butyrate transform a subthreshold learning event into long-term memory via a brain-derived neurotrophic factor-dependent mechanism. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23615664/ · DOI 10.1038/npp.2013.104","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"b146d4f3-8125-5040-9f3a-78cdfe2790cc","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 622-628","start_line":622,"end_line":628,"excerpt":"## butyrate-brain-memory\nInjected treatment changed a learning response in mice.\nPost-training sodium butyrate injection enabled 24-hour object-location memory after otherwise subthreshold training in mice, with increased hippocampal Bdnf transcripts.\nModel: Mouse behavioral and hippocampal transcription experiments.\nLimitations: Injected pharmacological exposure does not establish that ordinary microbial production or oral supplements improve human memory.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nExercise and sodium butyrate transform a subthreshold learning event into long-term memory via a brain-derived neurotrophic factor-dependent mechanism. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23615664/ · DOI 10.1038/npp.2013.104","model_system":"Mouse behavioral and hippocampal transcription experiments.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; 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