{"id":"c8337432-92aa-5e7a-bc18-29cd4f319421","stable_key":"35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769:zhu-cgmp","predicate":"increases_in_recorded_experiment","statement":"The 12-week purified berry anthocyanin trial reported higher plasma cGMP versus placebo.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"856024e4-cc13-5e3e-9451-1c9a5855b939","mechanism_event_label":"The 12-week purified berry anthocyanin trial reported higher plasma cGMP versus placebo.","subject":{"id":"b5c2e6e4-74f5-5677-82bf-27d6425dc76b","slug":"berry-anthocyanins-zhu-2011","display_name":"Purified berry anthocyanin mixture in Zhu 2011","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"object":{"id":"54fc07fb-1f00-5a7e-b299-2dfacfa05883","slug":"human-plasma-cgmp","display_name":"Human plasma cyclic GMP concentration","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"856024e4-cc13-5e3e-9451-1c9a5855b939","stable_key":"35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769:zhu-cgmp-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"The 12-week purified berry anthocyanin trial reported higher plasma cGMP versus placebo.","description":"**Purified berry anthocyanins changed human vascular function.** A 2011 study included a 12-person acute crossover and a 150-person, 12-week trial of 320 mg/day. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and plasma cGMP improved; LDL cholesterol and soluble VCAM-1 decreased, with HDL cholesterol increasing. Additional inhibitor experiments in six people and rat aortic rings supported involvement of NO–cGMP signaling. The accessible abstract does not identify every inhibitor or its route, so this reference does not invent those details. FMD is vascular physiology, not proof of a particular parent molecule binding eNOS or prevention of cardiovascular events. [Zhu et al., 2011](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21926181/).","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"b5c2e6e4-74f5-5677-82bf-27d6425dc76b","slug":"berry-anthocyanins-zhu-2011","display_name":"Purified berry anthocyanin mixture in Zhu 2011","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"320 mg/day purified berry anthocyanin mixture","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"54fc07fb-1f00-5a7e-b299-2dfacfa05883","slug":"human-plasma-cgmp","display_name":"Human plasma cyclic GMP concentration","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"increase","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"a1b1c9c3-cafe-5dd6-a590-f56222d3a4cc","slug":"anthocyanins","display_name":"Anthocyanins","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"class represented in the tested mixture","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"6d2f509b-3a5b-5a38-b3e7-b148581edec9","slug":"cgmp","display_name":"Cyclic guanosine monophosphate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"measured second messenger","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary indexed abstract reviewed; full methods, figures, exact doses or endpoint-specific species assignments may remain unextracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"320 mg/day purified berry anthocyanin mixture\", \"comparator\": \"Placebo for 12 weeks\", \"endpoint\": \"The 12-week purified berry anthocyanin trial reported higher plasma cGMP versus placebo.\", \"effect_direction\": \"increase\", \"combination\": \"single\", \"conditions\": []}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"150 hypercholesterolemic participants; 320 mg/day berry-isolated anthocyanins for 12 weeks, placebo-controlled.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Interpret only within the recorded preparation, exposure and comparator. The complete source passage retains qualifications; unspecified doses/timing have not been extracted here. No clinical efficacy, nutrient deficiency or unique molecular mediation is inferred.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The 12-week purified berry anthocyanin trial reported higher plasma cGMP versus placebo.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Purified anthocyanin supplementation improves endothelial function via NO-cGMP activation in hypercholesterolemic individuals. | 2011 | DOI 10.1373/clinchem.2011.167361 | PMID 21926181 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21926181/ | https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2011.167361","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 52-52; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"5677f942-0b14-5a53-99b6-6efd45e40c4e","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 52-52","start_line":52,"end_line":52,"excerpt":"**Purified berry anthocyanins changed human vascular function.** A 2011 study included a 12-person acute crossover and a 150-person, 12-week trial of 320 mg/day. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and plasma cGMP improved; LDL cholesterol and soluble VCAM-1 decreased, with HDL cholesterol increasing. Additional inhibitor experiments in six people and rat aortic rings supported involvement of NO–cGMP signaling. The accessible abstract does not identify every inhibitor or its route, so this reference does not invent those details. FMD is vascular physiology, not proof of a particular parent molecule binding eNOS or prevention of cardiovascular events. [Zhu et al., 2011](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21926181/).","model_system":"150 hypercholesterolemic participants; 320 mg/day berry-isolated anthocyanins for 12 weeks, placebo-controlled.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. 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