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The effect ran through muscle GLUT4 rather than brown fat, which is the opposite of the expected route.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"cold-water-immersion","display_name":"Cold water immersion","entity_type_key":"drug"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Human","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Ten days of cold made these patients markedly more sensitive to insulin.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[cold-p26147760] Short-term cold acclimation improves insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26147760/ DOI: 10.1038/nm.3891","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"316a8f4c-7f74-5b84-9ff7-477bd429f93e","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 858-869","start_line":858,"end_line":869,"excerpt":"### cold-cold-insulin-sensitivity\nTen days of cold acclimation at 14 to 15 degrees C increased peripheral insulin sensitivity by about 43% in eight people with type 2 diabetes.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake.\nplain_language: Ten days of cold made these patients markedly more sensitive to insulin.\norganism: Human\ntissue_or_cell_type: Skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue\nexperimental_model: Eight subjects with type 2 diabetes acclimated to 14 to 15 degrees C for ten days\nlimitations: A small uncontrolled intervention in patients. The effect ran through muscle GLUT4 rather than brown fat, which is the opposite of the expected route.\nexposure: Ten days of cold acclimation at 14 to 15 degrees C\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/cold-research/26147760.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"ec2d7942d906f2c11c73487b4afb7682386a7b5759541dde161dde72787503c9\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 451, \"text_sha256\": \"ec2d7942d906f2c11c73487b4afb7682386a7b5759541dde161dde72787503c9\"}\n[cold-p26147760] Short-term cold acclimation improves insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26147760/ DOI: 10.1038/nm.3891","model_system":"Eight subjects with type 2 diabetes acclimated to 14 to 15 degrees C for ten days","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. 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