{"id":"bb82303e-0425-59d1-b38c-7d45c514ff3a","stable_key":"ff370329-68a3-573d-96ee-597de78a3967:api-parsley-urine","predicate":"reported_relationship","statement":"Measured urinary apigenin metabolites after the initial parsley drink averaged 11.2% of ingested flavone equivalents.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_recorded","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"neutral","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"fe8022a2-6823-52f1-9381-a7cdb8483de3","mechanism_event_label":"Measured urinary apigenin metabolites after the initial parsley drink averaged 11.2% of ingested flavone equivalents.","subject":{"id":"0f8323d7-8ca6-5efe-99fc-9528b400357e","slug":"apigenin-parsley-drink-2022","display_name":"Parsley drink in the 2022 apigenin metabolism study","entity_type_key":"botanical"},"object":{"id":"5f06e339-09cd-5beb-8796-faf1933f8463","slug":"apigenin-human-urinary-conjugates","display_name":"Human urinary apigenin conjugate recovery","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"fe8022a2-6823-52f1-9381-a7cdb8483de3","stable_key":"ff370329-68a3-573d-96ee-597de78a3967:api-parsley-urine-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"Measured urinary apigenin metabolites after the initial parsley drink averaged 11.2% of ingested flavone equivalents.","description":"### api-parsley-urine\n\nMeasured urinary apigenin metabolites after the initial parsley drink averaged 11.2% of ingested flavone equivalents.\nThe larger repeated-intake series gave 17.2 ± 9.8% recovery across 17 intakes, with greater inter-person than within-person variation. Neither figure is an intravenous-reference absolute bioavailability estimate.\nModel and exposure: Four men; 0–24-hour urine.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of apigenin and its glycosides in healthy male adults. | 2022 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35452808/ | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.007 | Access: Full original primary-paper PDF, Methods, Results and Tables 1–7 reviewed; authentic-standard HPLC-MS analysis. PDF obtained from a public mirror; DOI and article identity verified.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"0f8323d7-8ca6-5efe-99fc-9528b400357e","slug":"apigenin-parsley-drink-2022","display_name":"Parsley drink in the 2022 apigenin metabolism study","entity_type_key":"botanical"},"role":"recorded factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"as reported","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"5f06e339-09cd-5beb-8796-faf1933f8463","slug":"apigenin-human-urinary-conjugates","display_name":"Human urinary apigenin conjugate recovery","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"not_reported","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"a59463a8-fad3-5138-9f17-42f226d1c220","slug":"apiin","display_name":"Apiin / apigenin 7-O-apiosylglucoside","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"ingested glycoside","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"353de06b-4efb-5810-a466-8f1056a30ecb","slug":"apigenin-7-glucuronide","display_name":"Apigenin 7-O-glucuronide","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"urinary analyte","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Full original primary-paper PDF, Methods, Results and Tables 1–7 reviewed; authentic-standard HPLC-MS analysis. PDF obtained from a public mirror; DOI and article identity verified.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Four men; 0–24-hour urine.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Recorded from source with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Apigenin collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"apigenin","display_name":"Apigenin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Measured urinary apigenin metabolites after the initial parsley drink averaged 11.2% of ingested flavone equivalents.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of apigenin and its glycosides in healthy male adults. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35452808/ | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.007","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference api-parsley-urine; The larger repeated-intake series gave 17.2 ± 9.8% recovery across 17 intakes, with greater inter-person than within-person variation. Neither figure is an intravenous-reference absolute bioavailability estimate.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"d81a6a97-60e9-523a-80be-4d387dd8b63b","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 61-67","start_line":61,"end_line":67,"excerpt":"### api-parsley-urine\n\nMeasured urinary apigenin metabolites after the initial parsley drink averaged 11.2% of ingested flavone equivalents.\nThe larger repeated-intake series gave 17.2 ± 9.8% recovery across 17 intakes, with greater inter-person than within-person variation. Neither figure is an intravenous-reference absolute bioavailability estimate.\nModel and exposure: Four men; 0–24-hour urine.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of apigenin and its glycosides in healthy male adults. | 2022 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35452808/ | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.007 | Access: Full original primary-paper PDF, Methods, Results and Tables 1–7 reviewed; authentic-standard HPLC-MS analysis. PDF obtained from a public mirror; DOI and article identity verified.","model_system":"Four men; 0–24-hour urine.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_recorded","notes":"Original paraphrase in the retained reviewed reference, not a verbatim primary-paper quotation. Access level is explicit.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"54eac90b-add1-5f56-9036-d900307c5697","stable_key":"import-ff370329-68a3-573d-96ee-597de78a3967","title":"Apigenin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 10 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted original curation of primary studies; claim-local access and experimental limitations stated. Includes original-draft correction history. No independent replication claimed.","file_path":"","sha256":"ede6e5c6b91d66b66844f2ff667a7f8303d9ac1281f15dc09db703f7de4da942","revision_id":"b41a39a2-0197-549c-97a5-1765e6696931","review_status":"source_recorded","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}